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He was overruled by Cadorna who believed that the Italian force could regroup and hold out. Finally, on 30 October 1917, Cadorna ordered the majority of the Italian force to retreat to the other side of the Tagliamento. It took the Italians four full days to cross the river, and by this time the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on their heels. By 2 November, a German division had established a bridgehead on the Tagliamento. About this time, however, the rapid success of the attack caught up with them. The German and Austro-Hungarian supply lines were stretched to breaking point and consequently they were unable to launch another attack to isolate a part of the Italian army against the Adriatic. Cadorna was able to retreat further and by 10 November had established a position on the Piave River[9] and Monte Grappa, where the last push of the German and Austro-Hungarian forces was met and defeated by Italian forces at the First Battle of Monte Grappa.
Even before the battle, Germany was struggling to feed and supply its armies in the field. Erwin Rommel, who, as a junior officer, won the Pour le Mérite for his exploits in the battle, often bemoaned the demands placed upon his "poorly fed troops". The Allied blockade of the German Empire, which the Kaiserliche Marine had been unable to break, was partly responsible for food shortages and widespread malnutrition in Germany and the Central Powers in general. When inadequate provisioning was combined with the gruelling night marches preceding the battle of Caporetto, a heavy toll was imposed on the German and Austro-Hungarian forces. Despite these logistical problems, the initial assault was extremely successful. However, as the area controlled by the combined Central Powers forces expanded, an already limited logistical capacity was overstrained. By the time the attack reached the Piave, the soldiers of the Central Powers were running low on supplies and were feeling the physical effects of exhaustion. As the Italians began to counter the pressure put on them, the German forces lost momentum and were once again caught up in another round of attrition warfare.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞He was overruled by Cadorna who believed that the Italian force could regroup and hold out. Finally, on 30 October 1917, Cadorna ordered the majority of the Italian force to retreat to the other side of the Tagliamento. It took the Italians four full days to cross the river, and by this time the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on their heels. By 2 November, a German division had established a bridgehead on the Tagliamento. About this time, however, the rapid success of the attack caught up with them.
⇒イタリア軍団を再編成して、持ちこたえることができると信じたカドルナによって、彼（カペロ）はくつがえされた。ついに1917年10月30日、カドルナは大部分のイタリア軍団にタリアメント（分断地）の反対側へ退くよう命令した。川を横断するのにイタリア軍は丸4日かかったが、この時までにドイツ軍とオーストリア－ハンガリー軍が彼らのすぐ後に近づいていた。11月2日までには、ドイツ軍師団はタリアメントで橋頭堡を設立していた。しかし、この頃には急速な攻撃の成功によって両軍が相肉薄し合っていた。

＞The German and Austro-Hungarian supply lines were stretched to breaking point and consequently they were unable to launch another attack to isolate a part of the Italian army against the Adriatic. Cadorna was able to retreat further and by 10 November had established a position on the Piave River[9] and Monte Grappa, where the last push of the German and Austro-Hungarian forces was met and defeated by Italian forces at the First Battle of Monte Grappa.
⇒ドイツ軍とオーストリア－ハンガリー軍の供給ラインは限界まで引き伸ばされたので、したがって彼らはイタリア軍の小隊、アンドリア隊に対して、これを孤立させるためのもう一つの攻撃をも始めることができなかった。カドルナはより遠くに退くことができて、11月10日までにピアヴェ川とモンテ・グラッパの陣地を確立し、そこで、ドイツ軍とオーストリア－ハンガリー軍隊の最新の大攻撃隊も「第1次モンテ・グラッパの戦い」でイタリア軍隊と会戦し、破られた。

＞Even before the battle, Germany was struggling to feed and supply its armies in the field. Erwin Rommel, who, as a junior officer, won the Pour le Mérite for his exploits in the battle, often bemoaned the demands placed upon his "poorly fed troops". The Allied blockade of the German Empire, which the Kaiserliche Marine had been unable to break, was partly responsible for food shortages and widespread malnutrition in Germany and the Central Powers in general. When inadequate provisioning was combined with the gruelling night marches preceding the battle of Caporetto, a heavy toll was imposed on the German and Austro-Hungarian forces.
⇒戦いの前でさえ、ドイツ軍は野戦場にいる方面軍に食糧や武器弾薬を供給するのに苦労していた。エルヴィン・ロンメルは、下級将校として参戦して、その功績のためにプル・ル・メリト（戦功章）受けたが、しばしば彼の（指揮下の）「食事も十分にできない軍隊」に下される要求を嘆いた。連合国軍の対ドイツ帝国封鎖は、帝国海軍もそれを打ち壊すことができず、ドイツと大方の中央同盟国で部分的な食物不足と広範囲にわたる栄養失調の原因となった。「カポレットの戦い」に先行して、不十分な配給が厳しい夜間行軍と結合されたとき、重い損害がドイツ軍とオーストリア－ハンガリー軍に課された。

＞Despite these logistical problems, the initial assault was extremely successful. However, as the area controlled by the combined Central Powers forces expanded, an already limited logistical capacity was overstrained. By the time the attack reached the Piave, the soldiers of the Central Powers were running low on supplies and were feeling the physical effects of exhaustion. As the Italians began to counter the pressure put on them, the German forces lost momentum and were once again caught up in another round of attrition warfare.
⇒これらの兵站業務の問題にもかかわらず、最初の攻撃は非常な成功を見せた。しかし、複合した中央同盟国軍団によって統制される地域の拡大につれて、すでに限られた兵站業務の能力が過度に制約された。攻撃隊がピアヴェに到達する頃には、中央同盟軍の兵士は供給が不足してきていて、消耗の身体的な影響を感じていた。イタリア軍が自らにかけられる圧力に反撃し始めたので、ドイツ軍隊は勢いを失って再度もう１回の摩擦戦争に巻き込まれた。

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