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Consequently, Nivelle dispatched Ferdinand Foch to meet with Cadorna and discuss their possible options. In the event the British and French agreed to rush aid to the Italians only in the event of an emergency - for example, large-scale German military assistance to the Austro-Hungarians; a contingency plan was thus developed to meet with such an eventuality.
The agreed plan was duly invoked - too late - in late October 1917 in the wake of the Italians' disastrous performance at Caporetto in the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo.
With the contingency plan arranged the French pressed Cadorna to launch a major offensive of his own along the Soča (Isonzo) to generally co-ordinate with their own large-scale Aisne Offensive (deployed in April 1917). Cadorna agreed and the tenth Isonzo offensive was launched with a preliminary artillery bombardment on 10 May 1917.The Italians, deploying 38 divisions - against only 14 of the Austro-Hungarians - switched tactics once again. The previous three Isonzo battles had seen Cadorna concentrate short, sharp initiatives against closely defined targets, generally aimed at extending their sole bridgehead east of Gorizia. This time the Italians returned to the Kras plateau south-east of Gorizia, setting in train an infantry advance along a 40 km front in order to achieve a breakthrough towards Trieste. The second aim of the offensive was to conquer Mount Škabrijel, thus opening the way to the Vipava Valley.
Initially success appeared likely. By the close of May the Italian army had advanced to within 15 km of Trieste almost reaching the coastal town of Duino, although subsidiary attacks elsewhere failed. Nevertheless, a major Austro-Hungarian counter-offensive launched on 3 June reclaimed virtually all lost ground and by the time the battle was called off by Cadorna on 8 June little territory had been gained.
Some fighting also took place in the northern sections of the front in the Julian Alps, where the Austro-Hungarians strengthened their positions along the Vršič mountain ridge.
Casualties continued to be high: 157,000 Italian losses were sustained, with a further 75,000 Austro-Hungarian casualties. With morale in the Italian army plunging Cadorna planned one further breakthrough attempt as he massed the greatest number of divisions and artillery yet along the Soča (Isonzo) river. Accordingly, the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo was initiated some two months later on 19 August 1917.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Consequently, Nivelle dispatched Ferdinand Foch to meet with Cadorna and discuss their possible options. In the event the British and French agreed to rush aid to the Italians only in the event of an emergency - for example, large-scale German military assistance to the Austro-Hungarians; a contingency plan was thus developed to meet with such an eventuality.
⇒（英国やフランスの資源をイタリア軍に融通することが困難なので）従って、ニヴェーユはフェルディナント・フォッシュに文書を送り、カドルナと会談して考え得る選択肢を検討するように依頼した。結局、英国軍とフランス軍は、非常事態 ― 例えば、ドイツ軍によるオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍への大規模な軍事援助 ― が生じた場合のみイタリア軍に援助を急送することに同意した。こうして、そのような不測の事態に応じるために非常事態計画が仕上げられた。

＞The agreed plan was duly invoked - too late - in late October 1917 in the wake of the Italians' disastrous performance at Caporetto in the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo.
With the contingency plan arranged the French pressed Cadorna to launch a major offensive of his own along the Soča (Isonzo) to generally co-ordinate with their own large-scale Aisne Offensive (deployed in April 1917).
⇒同意された案は、1917年10月下旬、「第12回イゾンツォの戦い」でのイタリア軍の惨憺たる成績に続いて、その後を追って、然るべく ― あまりに遅く ― 発動された。
準備された非常事態計画によって、フランス軍はカドルナに彼ら（に共通の）大規模な「エーン攻撃」（1917年4月に展開される）とおおよそ調和するように、ソーチャ（イゾンツォ）に対する自前の大攻撃を開始するよう迫った。

＞Cadorna agreed and the tenth Isonzo offensive was launched with a preliminary artillery bombardment on 10 May 1917.
The Italians, deploying 38 divisions - against only 14 of the Austro-Hungarians - switched tactics once again. The previous three Isonzo battles had seen Cadorna concentrate short, sharp initiatives against closely defined targets, generally aimed at extending their sole bridgehead east of Gorizia.
⇒カドルナは同意して、1917年5月10日、予備砲撃をもって第10回イゾンツォ攻撃が開始された。
イタリア軍は、 ― オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍のわずか14個師団に対して ― 38個師団を配備して、再度戦術を変えた。先行の3回のイゾンツォ戦争は、カドルナが綿密に限定した目標に対する、短くも鋭い率先攻撃に集中するのを見たが、それは通常ゴリツィア東の、彼らの唯一の橋頭堡を広げることを目的としていた。

＞This time the Italians returned to the Kras plateau south-east of Gorizia, setting in train an infantry advance along a 40 km front in order to achieve a breakthrough towards Trieste. The second aim of the offensive was to conquer Mount Škabrijel, thus opening the way to the Vipava Valley.
⇒今回、イタリア軍はゴリツィア南東のクラース台地に戻り、トリエステ方向への突破を果たすために40キロの前線に沿って歩兵連隊の進軍の手はずを整えた。攻撃の第2の狙いは、スカブリジェル山を征服することであり、かくしてヴィパヴァ渓谷に道を開くことであった。

＞Initially success appeared likely. By the close of May the Italian army had advanced to within 15 km of Trieste almost reaching the coastal town of Duino, although subsidiary attacks elsewhere failed. Nevertheless, a major Austro-Hungarian counter-offensive launched on 3 June reclaimed virtually all lost ground and by the time the battle was called off by Cadorna on 8 June little territory had been gained.
Some fighting also took place in the northern sections of the front in the Julian Alps, where the Austro-Hungarians strengthened their positions along the Vršič mountain ridge.
⇒最初のうちは、成功がありそうに見えた。5月の終りまでには、イタリア方面軍は、他の場所での補助攻撃は失敗したが、トリエステから15キロの範囲内まで進軍して、ほとんどドゥニオの沿岸の町に到着しかかっていた。とはいえ、6月3日に開始された大きなオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の反撃で、彼らは失われた土地のほとんどすべてを実質的に取り戻していて、6月8日にカドルナによって戦いが取り消される時に至っても、領土はほとんど得られていなかった。
数回の戦いがジュリアン・アルプス前線の北地区で起こり、そこでオーストリア‐ハンガリー人軍はヴルシッチ山に沿って彼らの位置を強化した。

＞Casualties continued to be high: 157,000 Italian losses were sustained, with a further 75,000 Austro-Hungarian casualties. With morale in the Italian army plunging Cadorna planned one further breakthrough attempt as he massed the greatest number of divisions and artillery yet along the Soča (Isonzo) river. Accordingly, the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo was initiated some two months later on 19 August 1917.
⇒犠牲者数は、高い数値が続いた。すなわち、イタリア軍は157,000人の損失を、さらにオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は75,000人の犠牲者をそれぞれ被った。イタリア軍の士気が急落しているのを見て、カドルナはさらに1つの飛躍的な試みを練って、ソーチャ（イゾンツォ）川に沿って膨大な数の師団と砲兵隊を集めた。ということで、「第11回イゾンツォの戦い」は、約2ヵ月後の1917年8月19日に始められた。

※すみません、順序が反転しました。分量が多いと途中で飽きて、１回で終らず、一旦保存してほかのことをすることがよくあるのですが、今回もそれをしているうちに、忘れてしまいました。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。