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和訳を教えてください。
From the beginning, industrialization has been a set of human changes. Early developers in the factory industry had to depart from their parents' habits, an approach that often required considerable personal sacrifice and generated familial strain. この文章の和訳を教えてください。 下記自分なりの訳です。よろしくお願いいたします。 当初から、産業化は一連の人間の変化があった。 初期の工場産業の開発者は、自分たちの親の（悪い）習慣、つまり、かなりの人的犠牲と家族の緊張を生じさせるアプローチ［方法］をやめなければ［転換しなければ］ならなかったのである。
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- 和訳してほしいのですが
サマリスというタバコのブランドの歴史が書かれた英文があるのですが、私の力では到底訳せません。英語に詳しい方ぜひ訳してください。英文は次のとおりです。 「At the beginning of the ２０ｔｈ Century most of the pure Turkish tobacco cigarette industry was concentrated in New york City. Immigrant Turkish,Egyptian ,and Greek tabacconists had been making their specialty cigarettes there since the Civil war.The different brands produced were low volume,and most were sold locally or,at most,regionally. Customers tended to be new emigrants or the wealthy carriage trade. Word-of-mouth advertising,advertising postcards,the occasional poster,and a few newspaper ads sufficed.These early factory made cigarettes were still considered a novelty among tobacco aficionados:sales were well behind those of chewing tobacco and cigars.Howevere,of those cigarettes that were bought,twenty-five percent were of the Turkish and Egyptian variety.The khedivial Company made their samaris and Oxford Cigarettes from pure Turkish tobacco in factory348,２nd District new york.」 英語に詳しいかたお願いします。
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- 英語 長文の和訳を教えてください。
japan was no longer the quaint exotic country that the occupiers had seen, it was "japan, inc" as newspapers and weekly news magazines became flooded with information about the japanese economy and work habits, americans began to perceive the japanese as "economic animals" who cared for nothing but work, work, work. the image was that of a mass of workers, all alike, running from their rabbit hutches in the morning, stuffing them-selves into trains, disgorging into factories where they produced millions of stereos, cars and cameras, day after day, 24 hours a day. japan was seen as a floating factory in which government and bureaucratic leaders collaborated with the owners of private industry to attack and conquer american markets. the idea of collaboration between government and industry was particularly galling to the united states. the american economy had always been run with as much separation of government and private industry as possible, and anything else was seen as unfair competition. 長いですが、和訳をお願いします。
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スポーツマネジメントに関する和訳なのですが、なかなかむずかしくて困っています。 1.Even regularly produced studies occasionally alter the samples or methods of record keeping. 定期的に作られる調査さえ、時折記録保存のサンプルや方法を変えます。 2.Thus a trend in participation may be a result of changes in record keeping and not in participation at all. このように、参加における傾向は、参加の変化によるものではなく、記録保存の変化による結果で あるかもしれません。 3.For instance,beginning in 1979,the NFSHSA discontinued collecting participation data from Canadian schools and from junior high schools. たとえば、1979年のはじめに、NFSHSAはカナダ人学校と中学校から参加データを集めるのをやめ ました。 4.This makes it very difficult to analyze trends that began before 1979. これは、1979年以前に始まった傾向を分析することを非常に難しくします。 5.Along methodological lines,in 1994 the Simmons Market Research Bureau changed its approach to measuring consumer reading habits (for instance,Simmons can tell you what magazines skiers read regularly). 方法論的な観点に沿って、1994年シモンズマーケット調査局は、そのアプローチを 消費者が習慣として読んでいる物を尺度とする事に変えました。 (たとえば、シモンズはスキーヤーが定期的にどんな雑誌を読んでいるかについて、話すことができま す）。 6.This effecively created a fault line,in Simmons`s data. 7.As one publishing executive put it,"The name is the same,Simmons.Otherwise,you`re dealing with a new company." 8.An unaware researcher would risk grave errors by tracking trends across the fault line. 不注意な研究者は、誤ったlineを渡った追跡傾向によって、重大な誤りを冒す危険があるかもし れない。 一応、このように訳したのですが、６・７あたりがよくつかめず、また時折でてくるlineという意味がいまいちよくわかりません。部分的でもいいので、ご指摘よろしくお願いします。
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- 英文和訳を助けてください。
先ほど助けていただいたのですが、またわからないところがあり、、、少しお願いします。 1.Demographic change trigger shifts in demand and expectations. In the United States, 13 percent of the population is 65 or older, in Germany 20 percent. Here in Japan, that share is 23 percent. As health costs are outgrowing national income, governments restrict market access for new drugs. For industry, the rise in chronic illnesses increases both difficulty and cost of treatment. 人口構造の変化は需要と期待の変化の誘因となっている。アメリカでは人口の１３％、ドイツでは２０％が６５歳以上なのに対し、ここ日本では２３％を閉めている。 従って鍵となるのがコストである。それは政府にとってだけでなく、変革に投資する産業界にとっても同じだ。国民医療費は国民所得を上回っており、政府は新薬の市場アクセスを制限している。業界にとって、慢性疾患の増加は財政困難と治療費を増大させている。 2. Decisions are moving from the professional to the patient, especially in growth markets like Brazil, India, China or Russia where patients are turning into consumers. Today’s emerging countries will be our key markets tomorrow. By 2020, the Emerging 7 together with the rest of the world will stand for half of the global market. 決断は専門家から患者へと移っている。 特に、患者が消費者と変わっているブラジル、インド、中国やロシアなどの成長市場では？？？ 今日の新興国は明日の重要な市場となる。２０２０年までに、？？？？？ 国際市場の半分を占めるだろう。 3. Required: Get out of the comfort zone To deal with these challenges, we need to get out of our comfort zone. 必要とされるもの？：安全地帯からの脱出 これらの問題を処理するには、安全地帯からの脱出が必要である。 4. Our key success factor is our ability to innovate. Today’s innovation needs to be disruptive, which leads to high risk projects. Market understanding, strategic commitment and ruthless focus on execution are essential. In a tough environment, companies and employees need to be tough. 成功の鍵は我々の革新力だ。今日の革新は混乱しており、ハイリスクプロジェクトを引き起こしている。市場理解、戦略への取り組み、実行に断固集中することが必須だ。タフな状況では、会社も従業員もタフになるべきなのだ。
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- 【和訳】和訳をお願いします。
国連の世界貿易レポートを読んでいるのですが、イマイチ理解できません。 大変長い文章ですが、和訳していただけませんでしょうか。 どうかよろしくお願いします。 As noted above, GVC participation – or the role that individual countries play in international production networks – is driven by many different factors, from size of the economy to industrial structure and level of industrialization, composition of exports and positioning in value chains, policy elements, and others. As a result, countries with very different characteristics may be very similar in the ranking of GVC participation (figure IV.9). The GVC participation of many countries relates substantially to GVC interactions within their respective regions. Instead of a global reach, most value chains have a distinctive regional character, as shown in figure IV.10. North and Central American value chain links are especially strong, as are intra- European Union ones. The largest extraregional bilateral GVC flows are between Germany and the United States, China and Germany, and Japan and the United States, in that order. The share of global value added trade captured by developing economies is increasing rapidly. It grew from about 20 per cent in 1990, to 30 per cent in 2000, to over 40 per cent in 2010. As a group, developing and transition economies are capturing an increasing share of the global value added trade pie (figure IV.11). As global trade grows, developed economies appear to rely increasingly on imported content for their exports, allowing developing countries to add disproportionately to their domestic value added in exports. Some of the larger emerging markets, such as India, Brazil, Argentina and Turkey, have relatively low GVC participation rates. These countries may have lower upstream participation levels, both because of the nature of their exports (natural resources and services exports tend to have less need for imported content or foreign value added) and because larger economies display a greater degree of self-sufficiency in production for exports. They may also have lower downstream participation levels because of a focus on exports of so-called final-demand goods and services, i.e. those not used as intermediates in exports to third countries. Investment and trade are inextricably intertwined. Much of trade in natural resources is driven by large cross-border investments in extractive industries by globally operating TNCs. Market-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) by TNCs also generates trade, often shifting arm’slength trade to intra-firm trade. Efficiency-seeking FDI, through which firms seek to locate discrete parts of their production processes in low-cost locations, is particularly associated with GVCs; it increases the amount of trade taking place within the international production networks of TNCs and contributes to the “double counting” in global trade flows discussed in this report.
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- 【和訳】和訳をお願いできませんでしょうか。
国連の世界貿易レポートを読んでいるのですが、イマイチ理解できません。 大変長い文章ですが、和訳していただけませんでしょうか。 どうかよろしくお願いします。 Thus, while developing countries (25 per cent) have a lower share of foreign value added than the world average (28 per cent), their foreign value added share is significantly higher than in the United States and Japan – or than in the EU, if only external trade is taken into account. Among developing economies, the highest shares of foreign value added in trade are found in East and South-East Asia and in Central America (including Mexico), where processing industries account for a significant part of exports. Foreign value added in exports is much lower in Africa, West Asia, South America and in the transition economies, where natural resources and commodities exports with little foreign inputs tend to play an important role. The lowest share of foreign value added in exports is found in South Asia, mainly due to the weight of services exports, which also use relatively fewer foreign inputs. The average foreign value added share of exports and the degree of double counting in global exports of an industry provide a rough indication of the extent to which industries rely on internationally integrated production networks, as it proxies the extent to which intermediate goods and services cross borders until final consumption of the industry’s output. Clearly, GVCs do not equate with industries. A value chain for a given product may incorporate value added produced by many different industries (e.g. manufactured products incorporate value added from services industries). The global average shares by industry of foreign value added ignore the fact that each industry may be part of and contribute to many different value chains. The value and share of developing-country exports that depend on GVCs, because of either upstream links (foreign value added in exports) or downstream links (exports that are incorporated in other products and re-exported) is quite significant (figure IV.8). East and South-East Asia remains the region with the highest level of GVC participation, reflecting its primacy as the most important region for exportoriented manufacturing and processing activities. Central America (including Mexico) also has a high participation rate, but whereas it ranked equal with South-East Asia in terms of foreign value added in exports, it has a lower downstream participation rate, reflecting the fact that it exports relatively more to the United States domestic market rather than for onward exports.
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- 和訳がうまくできません。教えて（和訳して）下さい
和訳がうまくできません。教えて（和訳して）下さい Your hospitality was over and beyond what anyone would expect more so since this was my first time meeting you. Please think about coming out to visit us in California.
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- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を助けてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ In naming the order he founded, Francis deliberately chose a word commonly used in his day to refer to the lower strata of society: Minores (or Friars Minor, Minorites), which carried pejorative connotations of dependency and legal incapacity. The impoverishment of the mendicant friar extended even to the loss of his name: Franciscans and Dominicans both used the names of their heavenly patrons and were identifiable only by the additional mention of their native towns. The friar lost himself in the anonymous crowd of the poor.
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- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を助けてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ To insure that his friars would be even more available (one is tempted to write: even more malleable), Francis would have preferred not to found an order at all. Saint Dominic had a quite different conception of hierarchical institutions, whose rigid framework he thought left a good deal of room for maneuver.
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- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいですよろしくお願いします！！ The FDJ was founded on 7 March 1946 and systematically built up under the leadership of the later SED general secretary, Erich Honecker, as a youth organization allegedly ‘above party affiliation’. Honecker, a roofer born at Wiebelskirchen in the Saarland, had survived to be liberated by the Red Army on 27 April 1945. In May he joined the ‘Ulbricht Group’ and as youth secretary of the CC of the KPD built up the ‘Antifa’ youth committees, which led to the founding of the FDJ in 1946. According to official statistics, approximately 70 per cent of young people between 14 and 25 in the GDR were members of the FDJ. The proportion of school pupils and students was particularly high. The officials of the FDJ were often at the same time members of the SED.
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