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AMERICANS are creating the biggest change in a hundred years in how we build cities. Every single American city that is growing, is growing in the fashion of Los Angeles, with multiple urban cores.
These new hearths of our civilization—in which the majority of metropolitan Americans now work and around which we live—look not at all like our old downtowns. Buildings rarely rise shoulder to shoulder, as in Chicago's Loop. Instead, their broad, low outlines dot the landscape like mushrooms, separated by greensward and parking lots. Their office towers, frequently guarded by trees, gaze at one another from respectful distances through bands of glass that mirror the sun in blue or silver or green or gold, like antique drawings of "the city of the future."
Our new city centers are tied together not by locomotives and subways, but by jetways, freeways, and rooftop satellite dishes. Their characteristic monument are the atria reaching for the sun and shielding trees perpetually in leaf at the cores of company headquarters, fitness centers, and shopping plazas. The landmark structure in these new urban areas is the celebrated single-family detached dwelling, the suburban home with grass all around that made America the best-housed civilization the world has ever known.
I have come to call these new urban centers Edge Cities. They contain all the functions a city ever has, although in a spread-out form that few have come to recognize for what it is. They are a vigorous world of pioneers and immigrants, rising far from the old downtowns, where little save villages or farmland lay only thirty years before.
Edge Cities represent the third wave of our lives pushing into new frontiers in this half century. First, we moved our homes out past the traditional idea of what constituted a city. This was the suburbanization of America, especially after World War II.
Then we wearied of returning downtown for the necessities of life, so we moved our marketplaces out to where we lived. This was the malling of America, especially in the 1960s and 1970s.
Today, we have moved our means of creating wealth, the essence of urbanism—our jobs—out to where most of us have lived and shopped for two generations. That has led to the rise of Edge City.
About a century ago, when we took Benjamin Franklin's picturesque mercantile city of Philadelphia and exploded it into a nineteenth-century industrial monster. Not since then have we made such profound changes in the ways we live, work, and play.
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