The Rise of Edge Cities: Creating a New Urban Landscape
- AMERICANS are creating the biggest change in a hundred years in how we build cities.
- These new hearths of our civilization—in which the majority of metropolitan Americans now work and around which we live—look not at all like our old downtowns.
- Edge Cities represent the third wave of our lives pushing into new frontiers in this half century.
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ある大学の過去問をやっているのですが訳をお願します
ある大学の過去問のやり直しをしたいのですが和訳が無いのでどなたか訳していただけませんか？長文ですがよろしくおねがいします。 AMERICANS are creating the biggest change in a hundred years in how we build cities. Every single American city that is growing, is growing in the fashion of Los Angeles, with multiple urban cores. These new hearths of our civilization—in which the majority of metropolitan Americans now work and around which we live—look not at all like our old downtowns. Buildings rarely rise shoulder to shoulder, as in Chicago's Loop. Instead, their broad, low outlines dot the landscape like mushrooms, separated by greensward and parking lots. Their office towers, frequently guarded by trees, gaze at one another from respectful distances through bands of glass that mirror the sun in blue or silver or green or gold, like antique drawings of "the city of the future." Our new city centers are tied together not by locomotives and subways, but by jetways, freeways, and rooftop satellite dishes. Their characteristic monument are the atria reaching for the sun and shielding trees perpetually in leaf at the cores of company headquarters, fitness centers, and shopping plazas. The landmark structure in these new urban areas is the celebrated single-family detached dwelling, the suburban home with grass all around that made America the best-housed civilization the world has ever known. I have come to call these new urban centers Edge Cities. They contain all the functions a city ever has, although in a spread-out form that few have come to recognize for what it is. They are a vigorous world of pioneers and immigrants, rising far from the old downtowns, where little save villages or farmland lay only thirty years before. Edge Cities represent the third wave of our lives pushing into new frontiers in this half century. First, we moved our homes out past the traditional idea of what constituted a city. This was the suburbanization of America, especially after World War II. Then we wearied of returning downtown for the necessities of life, so we moved our marketplaces out to where we lived. This was the malling of America, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, we have moved our means of creating wealth, the essence of urbanism—our jobs—out to where most of us have lived and shopped for two generations. That has led to the rise of Edge City. About a century ago, when we took Benjamin Franklin's picturesque mercantile city of Philadelphia and exploded it into a nineteenth-century industrial monster. Not since then have we made such profound changes in the ways we live, work, and play.
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アメリカ人は百年の間にどうやって我々が都市を建設するのかという意味において最大の変化を作り出している。拡大し続ける1つ1つのアメリカの都市は、複数のアーバンコア（※1）をもつロサンゼルスのような形で大きくなっている。 我々の文明におけるこれら新しい生活空間（※2）はーそこで大都市の大多数のアメリカ人は現在働いており、その周りに我々も住んでいるのだがー古いダウンタウンとはまったく違っている。 建物はシカゴループ（※3）のように肩がふれあうようにそそり立つことはめったにない。代わりに広くて低い外観は、緑の芝生や駐車場で仕切られ、まるでキノコのように地形上に点在している。 オフィスタワーはしばしば木々に保護され、年代物の絵画に描かれる「未来都市」のように、太陽を青、銀、緑、金などに反射するガラス面を通し、互いを尊重した距離で見るようになっている。 我々の新しいシティセンターは機関車や地下鉄ではなく、ジェットウェイや高速道路でもなく、屋上に設置された衛生通信のパラボナアンテナによって結ばれている。 その特徴的記念建造物は太陽光が差し込み、会社、フィットネスクラブ、そしてショッピングプラザの心臓部は常に木々とその生い茂った葉で外部から見えないようにしてあるアトリウム（※4）である。 これら新しい都市部の画期的な建造物は世に知られた、単一家族用一戸建て住宅（※5）、アメリカを最高の家作り社会にしたと世界に知られた、回りをすべて芝生に囲まれた郊外型住宅である。 私はこれら新しい都市の中心部をエッジシティーと呼ぶことにした。境界線が何か認識することなく広がった形ではあるが、それらは都市がいままでもっていたすべての機能を備えている。 それらは古い繁華街（そこはたった30年前まであった村や農地をまったく保存していない）とは違う発展をし、先駆者や移民たちの活気あふれる世界である。 エッジシティーはこの半世紀中で、我々の生活を新開地へと押し勧める第三の波を表している。まず第一に我々は何が都市を構成するかという伝統的考えを超えて、家を移していった。これが特に第二次世界大戦後に起きた、郊外化現象であった。 次に我々は生活必需品の為にダウンタウンに行くのに嫌気が指し、自分たちが住んでいる場所の外に商業施設を移動した。 今日我々は富を築くための手段、都市生活の核心である「我々の仕事」を、その大半が生活し2世代にわたって買物をしている場所の外に移動した。それがエッジシティの増加につながったのである。 約1世紀前、我々はベンジャミンフランクリンによるフィラデルフィアの絵に描いたような商業都市を採用し、19世紀の産業革命（※6）によりそれは爆発的に増加した。 その後我々は暮し、働き、遊ぶ方法において、そのような大規模な変化を作ってこなかった。 _＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 久しぶりのTOEFLの問題を読み解くようで面白かったです。いくつか補足をしてみましたので参考になれば。 ※1：駅や街との結節点となる空間。ロスのアーバンコアの画像参照 http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/thumblarge_507/1274836837kKSHIJ.jpg ※2：直訳だと、家の暖炉の前など人や家族の集まる場所という意味ですが、文脈からこのように訳しました。 ※3：シカゴのダウンタウンのこと。シカゴの高架鉄道および地下鉄の環状線に囲まれた地区の別名。狭い中に高い建物がひしめき合っています。画像参照。 http://www.earthinpictures.com/world/usa/chicago/chicago_downtown_-_view_from_the_sears_tower.jpg ※4:ビルの吹き抜けの空間 ※5：画像参照 http://www.shapouri.com/newsite/images/Warner%20Ranch/house%20perspective%20back%202.jpg ※6：monsterは革命のことだと解釈しました。
関連するQ&A
- 訳を手伝ってください。お願いします。
We must accept the good and bad in ourselves. However,when we come to judge others,it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed of ourselves from which we have left out everything that offends our vanity, or would discredit us in the eyes of the world. that we have formed of ourselvesはimageにかかっているはわかるのですが、 that offends our vanity, はeverythingにかかっているのですか？ from which weの先行詞はimage このimageを元に戻すと、どこに入るのですか？ 訳してみても、ぱっとしません。 どなたか訳を教えてください。 お願いします。
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- 構文分析よろしくお願い致します
A good farmer is always one of the most intelligent and best educated men in our society. We have been inclined in our wild industrial development, to forget that agriculture is the base of our whole economy and that in the economic structure of the nation it is always the cornerstone. It has always been so throughout history and it will continue to be so until there are no more men on this earth. We are apt to forget that that the man who owns land and cherishes it and works it well is the source of our stability as a nation, not only in the economic but the social sense as well. できるだけ詳しく教えていただけると嬉しいです。 よろしくお願い致します🙏
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Robert was also full of praise for his new bandmate, telling Pop-Break.com, "Chester is an amazing human being. "Coming in, we knew we wanted to do this right and sing our songs the way they were supposed to be sung and move forward as a band. "LINKIN PARK will always be his first priority and we respect that. "The guys in LINKIN PARK have been amazing with all this. "Everyone likes to be surrounded by amazing people. We have a great management team, everyone's excited and working hard. We've got a lot of work to do. "There's people out there that really don't like the fact Scott isn't in the band. We have to go out there and prove ourselves. Our goal is to play the best set of songs we can play and really make that count."
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- 日本語訳をお願い致します。
日本語訳を教えてください(>_<)お願いします。 During the eighteenth century, the Ptolemaic view of the universe finally collapsed. In its place, there emerged a new picture of a universe operating according to strict, rational, and impersonal laws that could, in principle, be discovered by science. God may have created it, perhaps in time; perhaps, in some sense, out of time. But then he left it to run almost entirely according to its own logic and rules. Newton assumed that both time and space were absolutes, providing the ultimate frames of reference for the universe. It was widely accepted that both might be infinite, and thus the universe had neither a definable edge nor a time of origin. In this way, God was moved further and further away from the story of origins.
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- 訳がわかりません。。。お願いします。
訳の回答がなくてわかりません。簡単な訳でいいのでどなたかよろしくお願いします。 Stop for a moment and consider that we spend,on average,86% of our time communicating. For this reason,it is vitally important to have a full understanding of what communication is all about. This means understanding the basic principles that lead to good communication and the breakdown in communication that results when those basic principles are ignored.That is the aim of book. Communication occurs when people send and receive messages.A30-minute speech by a politician,a five-minute talk with a friend, a nod of the head or a wave of the hand are all examples of communication. We can communicate by speaking or by remaining silent. When we consider that communication plays such an extremely important part in our lives, it is perhaps surpring that our schools and colleges are unlikely to train us how to be better communicators. We learn about communication simply by doing it.大変長くてすいません。
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We just wanted to move on in a productive, caring, productive… — and did I say 'productive?' — environment, and when the time came for us to do that, I think we shocked a lot of people. So with that said, we really, really wish Scott the very, very best. I hope he one day finds the light. But as far us, we wanted to, like I said, move forward, and not try to recreate our catalog, because I think that's impossible to do; we had a lineup change, we have a different man in the band now, we have a different human being, a different energy.
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- 訳について
Sure, we've got to balance the budget. And we will. We have to be extremely careful with every dollar that we spend. But we've also got to take of our family and not slash programs people need. We should be enabling, healing, curing.One of the smartest things we can do about disability is invest in research that will protect us from disease and lead to cures. This country has a long history of doing just that. When we put our minds to a problem, we can usually find solutions. But our scientists can do more. And we've got to give them the chance.の翻訳お願いします。自分で訳したら「確かに、我々は予算の均衡を保たなければなりません。そして、我々はそうします。我々は、我々が使うあらゆるドルに、とても注意しなければなりません。しかし、我々は家族を取って、人々が必要とするプログラムを切らなくなりもしました。我々は効果的でなければなりません。そして、回復します。そして、病気が直ります。我々が障害についてすることができる最も利口なことのうちの1つは、我々を病気から保護して、治療に至る研究に投資することです。この国には、ちょうどそれをした長い経歴があります。我々が我々の心を問題に至らせたとき、我々は通常解決を見つけることができます。しかし、我々の科学者は、それ以上のことができます。そして、我々は彼らにチャンスを与えなければなりません。」となりました。
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"We're right in the midst of getting a five-song EP together. We have 'Out Of Time', which is currently out there as a single and we have another song called 'Tomorrow', which was recorded when we did 'Out Of Time'. We're looking to release that EP in October and that's really exciting because we're moving forward and we're creating new music that we're all really proud of." Asked if there was a backlash from the STP fan base because of Chester's involvement, Robert said: "I think there was going to be. How many have people have terminated their singer and wanted to terminate their singer? [laughs]
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- being inseparable parts of our existenceの訳
The change from 1800 to today is extraordinary. In 1800, in most places in the world, money was almost invisible. Today it is everywhere. Work existed then as now, but the notion that work is life, and life is work, has practically disappeared. We work in order to earn a living, and we may even dream of a day when we will no longer need to work, so that we will have time to “really live.” Work and life, instead of being inseparable parts of our existence, have become conflicting, almost contradictory notions. この文での、being inseparable parts of our existenceのいい訳が思いつきません。どなたか何かございますか？ （「我々が（この世に）存在するためには[我々が生活するためには]、分けられない[切っても切れない］物である）でどうでしょう？
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すごいです！内容の参照までつけて頂いたおかげですごくわかりやすく理解できました。ありがとうございます！