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質問

In 1923, the British newspaper The Times made several claims about the state of the German Armed Forces: that it had equipment for 800,000 men, was transferring army staff to civilian positions in order to obscure their real duties, and warned of the militarization of the German police force by the exploitation the Krümper system.
The Weimar Government also funded domestic rearmament programs, which were covertly funded with the money camouflaged in "X-budgets", worth up to an additional 10% of the disclosed military budget. By 1925, German companies had begun to design tanks and modern artillery. During the year, over half of Chinese arms imports were German and worth 13 million Reichsmarks. In January 1927, following the withdrawal of the Allied disarmament committee, Krupps ramped up production of armor plate and artillery. Production increased so that by 1937, military exports had increased to 82,788,604 Reichsmarks. Production was not the only violation: "Volunteers" were rapidly passed through the army to make a pool of trained reserves, and paramilitary organizations were encouraged with the illegally militarized police. Non-commissioned officers (NCOs) were not limited by the treaty, thus this loophole was exploited and as such the number of NCOs were vastly in excess to the number needed by the Reichswehr.
In December 1931, the Reichswehr finalized a second rearmament plan that called for 480 million Reichsmarks to be spent over the following five years: this program sought to provide Germany the capability of creating and supplying a defensive force of 21 divisions supported by aircraft, artillery, and tanks. This coincided with a 1 billion Reichsmark programme that planned for additional industrial infrastructure that would be able to permanently maintain this force. As these programs did not require an expansion of the military, they were nominally legal. On 7 November 1932, the Reich Minister of Defense Kurt von Schleicher authorized the illegal Umbau Plan for a standing army of 21 divisions based on 147,000 professional soldiers and a large militia. Later in the year at the World Disarmament Conference, Germany withdrew to force France and the United Kingdom to accept German equality of status. The United Kingdom attempted to get Germany to return with the promise of all nations maintaining an equality in armaments and security. The British later proposed and agreed to an increase in the Reichswehr to 200,000 men, and for Germany to have an air force half the size of the French. It was also negotiated for the French Army to be reduced.
In October 1933, following the rise of Adolf Hitler and the founding of Nazi regime, Germany withdrew from League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞In 1923, the British newspaper The Times made several claims about the state of the German Armed Forces: that it had equipment for 800,000 men, was transferring army staff to civilian positions in order to obscure their real duties, and warned of the militarization of the German police force by the exploitation the Krümper system.
⇒英国の新聞タイムズ紙は、1923年に「ドイツ武装軍団」の状態についていくつかの主張をした。「ドイツ軍団は、80万人の兵士を擁して、実際の任務をぼやかすために方面軍用員を民間の職に移し、クリュンパー・システム（定員外新兵訓練制度）の展開によってドイツ警察を軍隊化すると予告した。

＞The Weimar Government also funded domestic rearmament programs, which were covertly funded with the money camouflaged in "X-budgets", worth up to an additional 10% of the disclosed military budget. By 1925, German companies had begun to design tanks and modern artillery. During the year, over half of Chinese arms imports were German and worth 13 million Reichsmarks. In January 1927, following the withdrawal of the Allied disarmament committee, Krupps ramped up production of armor plate and artillery.
⇒「ワイマール政府」はまた、国内再軍備計画に資金を提供したが、それは秘密裏に「X予算」で偽装した資金であって、（しかも）開示された軍事予算の10％以上に匹敵した。ドイツ企業は1925年までに戦車と現代的な大砲を設計し始めた。その年の間でみると、中国の武器輸入の半数以上はドイツ製で、1,300万ライヒスマルク（1924-48年の貨幣単位）に相当した。1927年1月、連合国軍縮委員会の撤退後、クルップ社は装甲板と大砲の生産を立ち上げた。

＞Production increased so that by 1937, military exports had increased to 82,788,604 Reichsmarks. Production was not the only violation: "Volunteers" were rapidly passed through the army to make a pool of trained reserves, and paramilitary organizations were encouraged with the illegally militarized police. Non-commissioned officers (NCOs) were not limited by the treaty, thus this loophole was exploited and as such the number of NCOs were vastly in excess to the number needed by the Reichswehr.
⇒生産は増加して、1937年ごろ軍事輸出は82,588,604ライヒスマルクに増えた。生産が唯一の違反ではなく、「志願兵軍」というのもすばやく訓練された予備軍を作る軍隊に通じ、違法に軍隊化した警察によって準軍組織隊が促進された。無任所将校ら（NCOs）は条約で制限されていなかったため、この抜け穴が悪用され、NCOの数はドイツ国防軍が必要とする数を大幅に上回った。

＞In December 1931, the Reichswehr finalized a second rearmament plan that called for 480 million Reichsmarks to be spent over the following five years: this program sought to provide Germany the capability of creating and supplying a defensive force of 21 divisions supported by aircraft, artillery, and tanks. This coincided with a 1 billion Reichsmark programme that planned for additional industrial infrastructure that would be able to permanently maintain this force. As these programs did not require an expansion of the military, they were nominally legal.
⇒ドイツ国防軍は、1931年12月に、その後5年間にわたって使う4億8000万ライヒスマルクを必要とする第2の再軍備計画を練り上げた。この計画は、航空機、大砲、および戦車によって支持される21個師団の防衛軍団を創設し、供給する能力をドイツに提供しようとするものであった。これは、この軍団を恒久的に維持することができるような、追加の補完的産業基盤を計画していた10億ライヒスマルクのプログラムと呼応していた。これらのプログラムは軍隊の拡大を要求しなかったので、名目上は合法であった。

＞On 7 November 1932, the Reich Minister of Defense Kurt von Schleicher authorized the illegal Umbau Plan for a standing army of 21 divisions based on 147,000 professional soldiers and a large militia. Later in the year at the World Disarmament Conference, Germany withdrew to force France and the United Kingdom to accept German equality of status. The United Kingdom attempted to get Germany to return with the promise of all nations maintaining an equality in armaments and security. The British later proposed and agreed to an increase in the Reichswehr to 200,000 men, and for Germany to have an air force half the size of the French. It was also negotiated for the French Army to be reduced.
⇒1932年11月7日、クルト・フォン・シュライヒャー国防長官は、147,000人の専門兵と大規模な民兵を元にした21個師団の常設軍のための「ウンバウ（再建）計画」を承認した。その後ドイツは、「世界軍縮会議」において、フランスと英国にドイツの平等を受け入れるようにという強請を撤回した。英国は、すべての国が軍備と安全保障において平等を保つことをドイツに約束して、ドイツの復帰を促そうとした。英国軍は後にドイツ国防軍の人数を20万人に増やすことと、ドイツはフランスの半分の空軍力を持つように提案した。それはまた、フランス軍の縮小のための交渉でもあった。

＞In October 1933, following the rise of Adolf Hitler and the founding of Nazi regime, Germany withdrew from League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference.
⇒1933年10月、ドイツはアドルフ・ヒットラーの誕生とナチス政権の創設に続いて「国際連盟」および「世界軍縮会議」から脱退した。

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