戦闘報告：第一次マルヌ会戦の展開

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  • 1914年9月5日、パリから東に進撃した第六軍は、朝のうちにこの地域に移動したドイツ第四予備軍と遭遇し、メオーの北方の高地に阻止された。第四予備軍は一夜にして東方へ10キロメートル撤退し、フランスの航空偵察によりドイツ軍が第六軍に対抗するために北に移動しているのが観察された。第一軍の指揮官であるアレクサンダー・フォン・クルック将軍は、第二軍団にマルヌ川の北岸に移動するよう命じ、9月8日までに第一軍の全軍団が北岸に再配置された。北岸への素早い移動により、第六軍はウルク川を渡ることはできなかったが、第一軍と第二軍の間にはギャップが生まれた。イギリス遠征軍は9月6日から8日まで進撃し、プティ・モラン川を渡り、マルヌ川にかかる橋を占領し、8キロメートルの橋頭堡を確立した。第五軍もギャップに進撃し、9月8日までにプティ・モラン川を渡り、2軍の右翼を撤退させた。翌日、第五軍はマルヌ川を再度渡り、ドイツ第一軍と第二軍はフランス第九軍、第四軍、第三軍との防御戦を戦いながら後退し、9月9日には第三軍とともに退却せざるを得なくなった。
  • 第一次マルヌ会戦は第一次世界大戦の西部戦線での重要な戦闘であり、連合国軍がドイツ軍の侵略を食い止めることに成功した。この戦闘で連合国軍はドイツ軍に対して戦略的勝利を収め、ドイツ軍はパリへの進撃を断念し、西部戦線での停滞状態が生まれることになった。また、第一次マルヌ会戦は戦術的な革新をもたらした戦闘でもあり、塹壕戦の時代の幕開けとなった。この戦闘では、初めて敵軍が塹壕を掘り、地下に潜んで攻撃を防御する戦術が実施された。
  • 第一次マルヌ会戦の戦果は連合国側の勝利であり、ドイツ軍に壊滅的な打撃を与えた。ドイツ軍は大規模な撤退を余儀なくされ、戦線が安定化して長期化することになった。この戦闘は戦争の行方に大きな影響を与え、西部戦線での塹壕戦が数年にわたって続くことになる。また、第一次マルヌ会戦は連合国軍の士気を高め、戦争の長期化に備えるための準備を促すことになった。
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日本語訳をお願いいたします。

On 5 September the Sixth Army advanced eastwards from Paris and met the German IV Reserve Corps, which had moved into the area that morning and was stopped short of high ground north of Meaux. Overnight the IV Reserve Corps withdrew to a better position 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east and French air reconnaissance observed German forces moving north to face the Sixth Army. General Alexander von Kluck the 1st Army commander, ordered the II Corps to move back to the north bank of the Marne, which began a redeployment of all four 1st Army corps to the north bank by 8 September. The swift move to the north bank prevented the Sixth Army from crossing the Ourcq but created a gap between the 1st and 2nd Armies. The BEF advanced from 6–8 September and crossed the Petit Morin and captured bridges over the Marne and established a bridgehead 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) deep. The Fifth Army also advanced into the gap and by 8 September crossed the Petit Morin, which forced Bülow to withdraw the right flank of the 2nd Army. Next day the Fifth Army recrossed the Marne and the German 1st and 2nd armies began to retire as the French Ninth, Fourth and Third armies fought defensive battles with the 3rd Army which was forced to retreat with the 1st and 2nd armies on 9 September.

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  • Nakay702
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以下のとおりお答えします。西部戦線で、フランス軍（および英国遠征軍）が国境線付近を防護したことを述べるくだりです。 ＞On 5 September the Sixth Army advanced eastwards from Paris and met the German IV Reserve Corps, which had moved into the area that morning and was stopped short of high ground north of Meaux. Overnight the IV Reserve Corps withdrew to a better position 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east and French air reconnaissance observed German forces moving north to face the Sixth Army. ⇒9月5日、第六方面軍がパリから東方に進軍して、ドイツ第４予備軍団と戦った。軍団はこの地域に移動してきていて、その朝モーの北側高台に一時的に留まっていたのである。第４予備軍団は、夜を徹してより良い陣地を目指して10キロ（6.2マイル）東へ撤退したが、フランスの航空偵察隊はこれを、ドイツ軍隊が北へ移動して第六方面軍に対峙することになると見た。 ＞General Alexander von Kluck the 1st Army commander, ordered the II Corps to move back to the north bank of the Marne, which began a redeployment of all four 1st Army corps to the north bank by 8 September. The swift move to the north bank prevented the Sixth Army from crossing the Ourcq but created a gap between the 1st and 2nd Armies. The BEF advanced from 6–8 September and crossed the Petit Morin and captured bridges over the Marne and established a bridgehead* 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) deep. ⇒第1方面軍の指揮官アレキサンダー・フォン・クルック将軍は、第２軍団にマルヌ川の北岸へ戻るよう命じたが、それは9月8日までに第1方面軍所属の全4個軍団が移動するための始まりだった。北岸への素早い移動によって、第六方面軍がウルク川を渡るのを防いだが、第１、第２方面軍の間に間隙ができてしまった。英国遠征軍は、9月6日–8日に進軍してプチ・モラン川を渡り、マルヌ川上の橋梁を占領して8キロ（5.0マイル）にわたる橋頭堡*を設立した。 ＊bridgehead「橋頭堡」（きょうとうほ）：渡河・上陸作戦の際、その地点を掩護し、以後の作戦の地歩を得るための拠点。 ＞The Fifth Army also advanced into the gap and by 8 September crossed the Petit Morin, which forced Bülow to withdraw the right flank of the 2nd Army. Next day the Fifth Army recrossed the Marne and the German 1st and 2nd armies began to retire as the French Ninth, Fourth and Third armies fought defensive battles with the 3rd Army which was forced to retreat with the 1st and 2nd armies on 9 September. ⇒第五方面軍もまた（敵軍同士の間の）隙間を進軍して、9月8日までにプチ・モラン川を渡った。これによって、ビュローは、第2方面軍の右側面部を撤退させざるを得なくなった。翌日、第五方面軍が再びマルヌ川を渡ると、ドイツ第１、第２方面軍は撤退し始めた。それと並行して、9月9日、フランス第九、第四、第三方面軍が第3方面軍に対して防御戦を仕かけたので、それも第１、第２方面軍とともに撤退を余儀なくされた。

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