自動詞と他動詞の区別

質問

こんにちは。
以下の文章に出てくる自動詞と他動詞を区別し、数の違いを比較するという課題が出されました。
作業をしているうちに、どちらに当てはまるのかだんだんとこんがらがってきて、区別するのが困難になってきました。。。
どなたか、アドバイスや回答よろしくお願いします。

The origins of the current European Union can be found in the European Coal and Steel　Community established in 1952 by six nations. The twentieth century was stricken by major wars that resulted in destruction on an enormous scale, and during the reconstruction which followed it was imperative to achieve material affluence. This Community, established with the goal of sharing the resources and materials of coal and steel, developed into a Union which even has a common currency and foreign policy, and this became the twentieth-century model for regional communities.

There are highly encouraging aspects of the European experience. In Europe as well as elsewhere there was no agreement from the beginning to create a Union. The start sixty years ago was the establishment of the Coal and Steel Community, and then with alliances in the economic, energy, and political fields advancing in parallel with participating countries overlapping to a degree, the European Union was established by integrating these efforts. Therefore, I believe it possible to create a community in East Asia too by building on each other's ideas on various specific areas.

The issue, then, is where we should start. I have been advocating "spending not on concrete, but on people" as one of the slogans which usher in a new kind of politics in Japan. If the previous century was an age in which we pursued material affluence, the twenty-first century should be one in which human resources, culture, and wisdom are increasingly sought as the foundations of well-being.

回答No.2

moo_a3123

ちょっと考えていて疑問に思ったのですが、これは述語動詞だけについて自動詞か他動詞かを区別するということでしょうか？
例えば、
it was imperative to achieve material affluence.
では、述語動詞は、 was で自動詞ですが、to achieve の achieve だけなら、動詞です。ですから、これだって、他動詞だということもできるのではないでしょうか？
述語動詞を区別するだけなら、ほとんどの受動態の文は自動詞になってしまいます。

補足

回答ありがとうございます。
課題の内容は、
1.日本語は自動詞構文を好み、英語は他動詞構文を好む
2.日本語は自然とそうなるという表現を好む「ナル」言語であり、英語は同じ事態を構成する上で「スル」という表現を好む「スル」言語である
3.英語は所有表現を好む「HAVE言語」であり、日本語は存在表現を好む「BE言語」である
(例)I「 have」 two children.
私は子供が二人「いる」

上の三点が本当かどうか調べるという内容なのですが、述語動詞だけでなく、全ての動詞をチェックすれば大丈夫でしょうか？
1については全ての動詞をチェックして、2と3については述語動詞だけをチェックということでしょうか？

よろしくお願いします。

回答No.1

jpintexas（@jpintexas）

>>The origins of the current European Union can be [found] in the European Coal and Steel　Community [established] in 1952 by six nations. The twentieth century was [stricken] by major wars that <resulted> in destruction on an enormous scale, and during the reconstruction which [followed] it <was> imperative to [achieve] material affluence. This Community, [established] with the goal of [sharing] the resources and materials of coal and steel, <developed> into a Union which even [has] a common currency and foreign policy, and this <became> the twentieth-century model for regional communities.

>>There <are> highly encouraging aspects of the European experience. In Europe as well as elsewhere there <was> no agreement from the beginning to [create] a Union. The start sixty years ago <was> the establishment of the Coal and Steel Community, and then with alliances in the economic, energy, and political fields <advancing> in parallel with <participating> countries <overlapping> to a degree, the European Union was [established] by [integrating] these efforts. Therefore, I [believe] it possible to [create] a community in East Asia too by [building] on each other's ideas on various specific areas.

>>The issue, then, is where we should [start]. I have been [advocating] "[spending] not on concrete, but on people" as one of the slogans which [usher] in a new kind of politics in Japan. If the previous century <was> an age in which we [pursued] material affluence, the twenty-first century should <be> one in which human resources, culture, and wisdom <are> increasingly [sought] as the foundations of well-being.

[word]: transitive verb — a verb that requires an object noun.
<word>: intransitive verb — a verb that does not require an object noun.

I’m not 100% positive. But my guess is as follows.

[] Transitive verbs: 20
<> Intransitive verbs: 13