- ベストアンサー
和訳をお願いします！！
maris_stellaの回答
- maris_stella
- ベストアンサー率71% (241/336)
a set of で、「一組の」という意味で、set は数学用語では、「集合」の意味もあります。この文章の場合、英文で読むと、云わんとしているところは、よく分かるのですが、日本語ではどう表現するかは、何か難しいです。 ＞ピアジェは、子供というものを、他の年齢別グループ（集団）と区別される、独特の、身体的、認知的、社会的、感情的特質の組み合わせを持つ存在として描写した（説明した）。 ジャン・ピアジェの発達理論では、「子供」は、身体的、空間的、認知的、社会的、感情的、知的な「認識シェーマ」が、未だ、相互参照で「均衡」に至っていない、構造を構成しつつある途上の心を持つ存在として把握されました。 他の年齢集団（グループ）では、認識は、安定した恒常的特質を持つ均衡シェーマで把握されるのですが、子供の段階とは、この「恒常的均衡シェーマ」の構造が、築かれつつある、構成が試みられている段階であると考えた訳で、これが「子供が子供である特質」だとも云えます。 身体的特質、認知的特質、社会的特質、情緒的（感情的）特質……これらが、それぞれにおいて、大人と違って、独自な状態にあり、かつ、それらが、「均衡」を目指して、構造構成されつつあるということが、子供の特質なのです。従って、「このような特質の独特な組み合わせ」を備える者が、子供だということになります。 何が「独特」かというと、諸特質が、均衡を目指し、構造化されつつある途上にあるということが、独特なのです。操作シェーマの構造化は、大人でも起こりますが、子供の場合、十二歳ぐらいに完成を迎える、知能の基本的な恒常的構造性の成立が、心の色々な機能において、圧倒的に重要な発達の達成だと見做されているのです。 操作シェーマの均衡は、数学の「群」に似た、ピアジェが「群性体」と呼ぶ、独特の数学的操作構造の成立として完成します。 attributes は、「属性」ではなく、「特質」と訳す方が、適切だと思います。ある認識シェーマが、身体的属性、社会的属性を持つのではなく、身体的シェーマ、社会的シェーマなどが並行してあり、これらが参照を通じて、構造化されるというのが、発達過程だとされます。
関連するQ&A
- 和訳教えてください
Certainly it is not only in fields of physical science that there is room and need for progress. In social fields there is, if anything, even more room and need, not only for progress in the known branches of knowledge, but also for new sciences. This need could hardly be exaggerated. The very progress of physical science, which resulted the construction of atomic bombs, has placed before us the following social problem. We must either find a way to adjust international relations peacefully, or we may destroy civilization and possibly the human race along with it. On the other hand, it is equally clear that if world wars can be prevented, and all the new possibities are used for peaceful progress, a new age may well dawn. But in order to take advantage of such possibities, we must solve our social problems. 長い文章ですが和訳を教えてください。 よろしくお願いします！
- 締切済み
- 英語
- 下記の英文を訳してくださる方はいませんか？
Disengagement As people get older, they tend to withdraw gradually from society, and at the same time society tends to withdraw from them. This progressive, mutual withdrawal is called disengagement. Because of disengagement, old people are less interested in having social contacts, and have fewer social contacts, with less emotional involvement in them. Viewed positively, disengagement permits the old person to enjoy a more leisurely way of life, but working against this positive aspect of disengagement is the work ethic that requires activity, including social activity to maintain a sense of self-worth (Kalish, 1975). お願いします。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- この英文を和訳して欲しいです。
Age stratification is the system that classifies people by their age. All societies stratify their members by age (as well as by sex and socioeconomic status, and often by race). In all these stratification systems, there is an implicit or explicit ranking from higher to lower strata. In gerontocratic societies, the old have the highest status and the youngest have the lowest. In our society, the middle-aged tend to have the most power and prestige, while children have the least. The old abd young tend to ve in between, and whether the old or the young are higher than the older depends on which dimension is involved. In terms of income elders tend to rank higher than the young. In terms of sports and entertainment the young tend to rank higher. Such ranking of individuals on the basis of their age is a form of ageism that accompanies stratification systems. Age norms are the expectations about the proper or normal behaviors, obligations, and privileges for the age strata or life stages. For example, children are expected to go to school, have theobligation to obey parents, and the privilege of being supported by their parents. In contrast, elders are expected to retire, have the obligation to take care of their health and assets, and the privilege of being supported by Social Security benefits. The extent to which such age norms are based are prejudicial or not; and whether the expectations are realistic and appropriate or not. Age conflict is an extreme form of ageism in which two or more age strata conflict with each other. Some age conflict probably occurs in all societies and may be an inevitable result of their age stratification. Like other forms of social conflict, age conflicts involve struggles over scarce resources or over values. Age inequalities are a major source of age conflicts. Struggles occur when the disadvantaged age group make claims for more power or other goods while the more advantaged seek to protect their privileges. However, Such conflicts tend to be confined to particular institutions like the family or the workplace, rather than becoming societywide. There are many factors that tend to check sharp age conflicts, such as the legitimation of age inequalities by various stereotypes, the fear of painful consequences from those in power, ties of affection or obligation, and social separation of age groups. The amount of age conflict in our society has sometimes been exaggerated. There is little disagreement between the generations about the Social Security system or other programs for elders. Similarly, there is general agreement between generations about our basic value system, There is little difference between generations in voting behavior.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文中の代名詞について質問です。
"Peter is worried about his son, Eddie. Eddie spends most of his free time in front of the TV set. Peter thinks children should get outside and play ---- both for the physical exercise it provides and for the chance it gives them to learn about getting along with other children. " という英文中に二つ it が現れますが、これらは何を指しているのでしょうか？
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳をお願いいたします！！！
We may find ourselves more susceptible to illness and injury and a bit stiff in the mornings. And maybe we're beginning to scale back on some of our dreams and ambitiouns, or rethinking them as carrer opportunities shift in an increasingly uncertain and rapidly changing world. Our children are growing up and beginning to leave home. For women, menopause represents an unmistakable marker of physical and emotional change. Those of us in our striking lige changes as we adjust our life goals stiff further, as we retire, adn, unfortunately, as our friends and relatives begin to pass away.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳困っています＞＜
SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY In 1975, Dowd proposed a different way of explaining this question. Dowd proposed that retirement is actually a sort of social contract that the person makes with society.They obtain increased leisure time, and an 'honourable discharge' from the idea that all responsible members of society ought to work as hard as possible - the Protestant Work Ethic-and in return, they give up their involvement in how society's affairs are run. This social exchange is seen, according to Dowd, as a fair trade, both by society and by old people. More recently, however, people are showing sings of being less prepared to accept this type of social contract. After all, we live much longer now than we did when retirement was first introdused, and we keep our health for longer, too; so it is much more practical for people to continue to take an active part in society. Among business and professional people, it is not at all uncommon for retirement to signal the beginning of a second career, and a much more independent one that allows them to use their experience, such as working as a consultant. In other groups of society, too, people are beginning to see retirement as an opportunity to do new things. Organizations like the University of the Third Age encourage retired people to develop new hobbies and pursue new interests, and are becoming more popular and successful all the time. Many psychologists now take the view that successful retirement is all about making sure that you acquire new social roles, to replace the ones that you have lost through work, and activities of this sort are exactly the way that people do that. Insight Having responsibilities and being needed seem to be the core of successful retirement. That can take many forms: some people feel needed by their gardens, and devote much of their time to taking care of them; while others take on more social responsibilities.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 【至急】英文の和訳です。よろしくお願いします。
It is now generally accepted that the child's reading ability progresses through several periods of reading development. The first period, known as "reading readiness," begins at birth and continues normally until the age of about six or seven. Reading readiness includes the physical ability to see and hear, and the mental ability to remember words and their letters, and to use simple sentences. In the second period of reading development, children learn to read very simple materials. In the United States, children usually will be able to read perhaps 300 or 400 words by the end of the first year. By the end of this period., pupils are expected to be reading and enjoying simple books by themselves without help from teachers or parents.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳していただけませんか？
下の文を和訳していただけませんか？ If you are young, aging parents may not be your biggest concern, but they are a mojor concern for the governmental, social, and financial leaders of the world, particularly for those in japan. The parcentage of people over age 65 is increasing worldwide, from about 7 percent in 2005 to a predicted 15 percent by 2005. Japan already has one of the largest over-65 populations. According to population projections prepared by the Statistics Bureau of Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 22.5 percent of the Japanese population was expected to be 65 or older in 2010. They expect that number ti increase to 33.2 percent by 2040, resulting in Japan having the largest percentage of over 65-year-old in the world. What effects will such an enormous number of elderly people have on society.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- この英文の和訳お願いします。 難しいです。
There are therefore 192 subjects(forty per cent of the sample) whose happiness and domestic efficiency are to a greater or lesser extent dependent on the ready accessibility of their children or other relatives. No solution of the problems of old age will be acceptable to the people themselves or to their children which does not take the family factor into account. King, Sir Geoffrey, formerly Permanent Secretary, Ministry, of Pensions and National Insurance, "Policy and Practice", Old Age in the Modern World, 1995. Studies in other places such as Hammersmith, Acton, and Northern Ireland have also produced some evidence of close ties between old people and their relatives and of a willingness to bear the burden of nursing care. But the evidence gained in these inquiries was incidental to their main purposes. There has been no specialized study of the place of the old person in the family. Yet such detailed knowledge may be fundamental to any understanding of old age or of its problems. That is the starting point of this study. How often do old people see their children and their brothers and sisters, and do they live near or far? What services do relatives perform for each other every day and at times of crisis? What is the differences in family role of an old man and an old woman? Can a more precise meaning be given to loneliness and social isolation and what does it mean to be widowed, single, or childless? Is the status of old people undergoing change? Which old people make the greatest demand on the State aid or replace the efforts of the family? These are some of the questions which will be discussed in this report.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- get in the act, with
以下にあるget in the act, withについて教えてください。よろしくお願いいたします。 State governments also got in the act, with many of them mandating that children under a certain age or size be prohibited from occupying the front seat of an automobile.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
お礼
ピアジェの発達理論に対する説明、ありがとうございます。 彼の理論を理解した上で、自然な日本語訳ができればと思っております。