農業変化とは何か？歴史的再構成を通じた考察| OKWAVE

以下の英文はどう訳しますか？

以下の英文はどう訳しますか？ Much of this book is concerned with agricultural change, involving a certain amount of historical reconstruction. It is important to set doctrinal assumptions aside and, in particular, not to assume without evidence the existence of any process such as degradation or intensification. Change can take many forms, and the adoption of practices that are more intensive in use of capital or labor is only one form. Comparatively, it is useful to describe one system as more intensive than another, but the terms to intensify and intensification are used loosely in the literature. I introduce the theory of intensification in chapter 4 but discuss it in some depth only chapter 11. Elsewhere in the book, I avoid these terms as far as possible. Certain other themes are also of major significance. 長いのですが、よろしくおねがいいたします！！！！

とても長文ですが、以下の英文で困っています！

とても長文ですが、以下の英文で困っています！どのように訳せばよいですか？よろしくお願いします！！ ■ Themes for a Structured Argument The case studies on which most of this book rests are not drawn at random. They illustrate specific themes. Taking the importance of studying change as paramount, I identify four other themes drawn from within the dimensions of diversity as follows. Adaptability through time The adaptability of farmers, using a diverse range of strategies, is a central issue. It is still greatly undervalued in a wide professional literature on agriculture development. Yet the circumstantial evidence of longer term adaptability is overwhelming. The purpose of managing agricultural land resources is to enhance drop plant environments. Crop plants differ greatly in their preferred microenvironments, yet we do not find them growing only where natural conditions are optimal; much more widely there is deliberate modification. To this fact has to be added the wide diffusion of crop plants across the world that has taken place throughout the history of farming. It accelerated after linkages were established between Old and New Worlds in the sixteenth century and become more rapid still in the past 100 years. In many parts of the world, a majority of the most commonly grown crop plants are recent imports. Either the preexisting systems contained ecological niches that suited them, or the system have been modified in their favor. This much ought to be obvious. Nonetheless, it seems not to be obvious to many writes, and warrants careful examination.

この文章はどのように訳すのでしょうか？

この文章はどのように訳すのでしょうか？ Resource management as a whole In studying agrodiversity, it is also necessary to take account of diversity in resource management as a whole. The small farm regions of the tropical world contain a high degree of biodiversity, sometimes greater in species numbers than the wild land itself. Only a portion of this biodiversity is directly manipulated for production, although a much higher proportion provides services of various kinds to the farmers. It provides food and economically valuable fruits, nuts, and leaves, restores soil fertility, yield wood and raw materials for artisanal production, offers a range of medicines, shelters wildlife that can be hunted, and so on. Whether or not agroforests are part of the system, the farm does not end where the field meets the wood. We need to look at the continuum between the two and examine the manner in which the managed and unmanaged wild elements relate to the cultivated land and plants. Inclusion of managed and unmanaged wild elements in the content of agridiversity or agrobiodiversity is contrary to the view of some modern students of agricultural biodiversity. Wood and Lenne(1992a:2) excluded “wild plants and animals of food value outside the agroecosystem“ from the domain of agrobiodiversity because they are of small importance on the global level. On the local level, they can be of major importance. Chapter 4 introduces the integral significance of the wild populations historically. The topic is taken further in chapter 6, and chapter 8 develops the close relationship between farm and forest in depth. Food and useful plant sources beyond the field are indeed part of the farm. 分からず、困っております本の中の途中の文章ですが、よろしくおねがいします！

これらの文章を訳して欲しいです。

これらの文章を訳して欲しいです。特に、But the way to~の文がさっぱり分かりません。lain throughというのは、～を通して横たわったと訳しますか?? (1)At present,in the most civilized countries,freedom of speech is taken as a matter of course and seems a perfectly simple thing.But the way to its attainment has lain through lakes of blood. (2)The test of a great book is whether we want to read it only once or more than once.Any really great book we want to read the second time even more than we wanted to read it we find new meanings and new beauties in it. (3)And after all the weather was ideal.They could not have had a more perfect day for a garden-party if they had ordered it.Windless,warm,the sky without a cloud. (4)Human life consists of a succession of a small events,each of which is comparatively unimportant,and yet the happiness of all man depend upon the manner in which these small events are dealt with.

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

These come from the fact that for small values of b~ and μ, as considered here, Eqs.(2・1) and (2.2) are approximately symmetric with respect to the y-axis. Now, we will see features of collision of a particle with the planet. It should be noticed that, as mentioned in §2, the radius of the planet changes with the distance between the Sun and the planet is assigned. Here we will concentrate on the collision near the orbit of the present Earth. よろしくお願いします。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

　　Furthermore, ρ is the density of the planet and is taken to be 4.45g/cm^3 according to Lewis. The values of r_p/h are tabulated in Table I for various regions from the Sun. It is to be noticed that the planetary radius decreases as the increase in the distance from the Sun in the system of units adopted here. 　 Orbital calculations are performed by means of the 4th order Runge-Kutter-Gill method with an accuracy of double precision. よろしくお願いします。

この文章の和訳を教えてください。

It should be noticed that Λ_f is independent of both ei~ and R. In order to compare Λ_K with Λ_f clearly, we consider the ratio of these, that is, γ=Λ_K/Λ_f=3.0C_K(R/1AU)^1/2, (4・9) which is independent of the mass of the planet. The values of γare listed in Table I as well as those of C_K. As the parameter C_K is approximately proportional to R^-1/2 (see Fig.11), γ is almost independent of R and is 2.3 for ei~=0 and 1.4 for ei~=4. This indicates that, though the result is obtained in the limited framework of the two-dimensional particle motion, the collisional rate of Keplerian particles is enhanced by a factor of about 2.3 or 1.4 compared to that estimated in a free space formula, as long as we are concerned with the two cases of eccentricity. Furthermore, as seen from Table I, γ for the case ei~=4 is significantly smaller than that of the case ei~=0. This seems to confirm the conjecture that γ tends to unity in the high energy limit (i.e., ei~→∞), or in other words, the free space formula is right only in the high energy limit. お手数ではございますが、どうかよろしくお願いいたします。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

For regions where |b_i~|≦5.7, we have the same pattern in ⊿b~ and ⊿e~ as those for the case e_i~=0; i.e., they jump discontinuously by a bit change of δ* (see Fig.8). In the same manner as described for e_i~=0 we have tried to decompose up these discontinuous bands. Unfortunately we cannot succeed either in the complete decomposition, because there seems to exist an infinite series of the fine structure. But contributions of the fine structure to the average values, such as <⊿b~> and <⊿e~> are found to be negligible too. In Figs.9 (a) and (b) the average values of <⊿b~> and <⊿e~> are illustrated as a function of b_i~, where <⊿b~> and <⊿e~> are defined as <⊿b~>=(1/2π)∫⊿b~dδ* (3.8) and <⊿e~>=(1/2π)∫⊿e~dδ*, (3.9) respectively. Fig.8. Some discontinuous bands of the change of the impact parameter for continuous variation of δ* with b_i~=3.0 and with e_i~4. Fig.9. (a) The change of the impact parameter, <⊿b~> and (b) the change of the eccentricity, <⊿e~> averaged over the parameter δ* for various values of b_i~ between －10 and 10 with e_i~=4. http://www.fastpic.jp/images.php?file=2049108297.jpg ↑Fig.8. http://www.fastpic.jp/images.php?file=5493230572.jpg7 ↑Fig.9. (a) and (b) 長文ですが、よろしくお願いします。

英訳お願いします

The masses are likely to replace an unchanging mode of life by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible. whichがあるので後の文から前に訳そうと思いましたが、どうやら違うみたいです。文法説明と英訳をお願いします。

この文章の和訳を教えてください。

In Eq. (2・3) μis defined as 　　　　　　　　　μ=M/( M? +M), (2・4) where M is the mass of the planet, γ, γ_1 and γ_2 are the distances from the center of gravity, the planet (i.e., the origin) and the Sun, respectively, which are given by 　　　　　　　　　　　　r^2=(x+1－μ)^2+y^2, (2・5) 　　　　　　　　　　　　r_1^2=x^2+y^2 　　(2・6) and 　　　　　　　　　　　　r_2^2=(x+1)^2+y^2. 　 (2・7) Furthermore, U_0 is a certain constant and, for convenience, is chosen such that U is zero at the Lagrangian point L_2. お手数ですがよろしくお願いいたします。

英文の翻訳をお願いいたします

どなたか以下の英文を翻訳できる方が居ましたらぜひお願いいたします。 As this book seeks to demonstrate, the visual world and its producers, its users and its designers, are engaged in a heated debate over the status of design - who has ownership of it, who is qualified to do it, and how we receive and interpret it, It is in a period of evolution, and requires more developed and rigorous understanding. It may seem odd to say this , but whatever your view of the discussion in this chapter, it should ve clear that design is not simp;y a visual medium; it is a social and, as we have identified, a political one. It just happens to be most apparent visually in the messages sent to us by commerce, media and government, and the subtler but equally important messages we send each other in our everyday practices. Like an iceberg, 90 per cent of visual communication is hidden beneath the surface. And, just like an iceberg, it is the invisible 90 per cent that provides the raw power of visual communication. So, there we end this overview of some of the key ideas that are involved in the study and under standing of visual communication and its relationship with design. Undoubtedly, like some of the practitioners interviewed for the book, you will disagree with some of it. Hopefully some of it will have challenged your own positon on this subject.

少し長い文章を読んでいます

最末尾のRecall is a siren call.とはどういうことでしょうか。 Yet the problems of memory go much further than that: to the roots of individual memories, on which social memory depends and of which most historical sources are composed. We know very little about it except that it is usually bad. There has been an enormous amount of work in recent years by psychologists and anthropologists, but about all by neurophysiologists, which combines to undermine our faith in memory even further. In the work of a psychologist such as Alan Baddeley, it resembles a trick mechanism for evading awkward facts, as much as a trap for capturing them. We practise convenient oblivion. We retrieve memories through rosy filters. The memory is the massage. Among anthropologists, in work well-represented by a paper by Jack Goody, it is increasingly recognized that non-literate cultures' orally transmitted memories are not fossilized, word for word, in bardic retrieval systems, but are substantially re-created, reinvented with every retelling. Memory is wired to be warped. It is not a highway for time travel: the past it takes you to never really happened quite in the way you think. Recall is a siren call.

かなり長文なのですが、以下の英文で困っています！

かなり長文なのですが、以下の英文で困っています！以下の英文はどのように訳すでしょうか？どうぞよろしくお願いします！！ Resource management as a whole In studying agrodiversity, it is also necessary to take account of diversity in resource management as a whole. The small farm regions of the tropical world contain a high degree of biodiversity, sometimes greater in species numbers than the wild land itself. Only a portion of this biodiversity is directly manipulated for production, although a much higher proportion provides services of various kinds to the farmers. It provides food and economically valuable fruits, nuts, and leaves, restores soil fertility, yield wood and raw materials for artisanal production, offers a range of medicines, shelters wildlife that can be hunted, and so on. Whether or not agroforests are part of the system, the farm does not end where the field meets the wood. We need to look at the continuum between the two and examine the manner in which the managed and unmanaged wild elements relate to the cultivated land and plants. Inclusion of managed and unmanaged wild elements in the content of agridiversity or agrobiodiversity is contrary to the view of some modern students of agricultural biodiversity. Wood and Lenne(1992a:2) excluded “wild plants and animals of food value outside the agroecosystem“ from the domain of agrobiodiversity because they are of small importance on the global level. On the local level, they can be of major importance. Chapter 4 introduces the integral significance of the wild populations historically. The topic is taken further in chapter 6, and chapter 8 develops the close relationship between farm and forest in depth. Food and useful plant sources beyond the field are indeed part of the farm.

和訳お願い致します。

We pass to the account of the creation contained in the Hebrew record. And it must be observed that in reality two distinct accounts are given us in the book of Genesis, one being comprised in the first chapter and the first three verses of the second, the other commencing at the fourth verse of the second chapter and continuing till the end. This is so philologically certain that it were useless to ignore it. But even those who may be inclined to contest the fact that we have here the productions of two different writers, will admit that the account beginning at the first verse of the first chapter, and ending at the third verse of the second, is a complete whole in itself. And to this narrative, in order not to complicate the subject unnecessarily, we intend to confine ourselves. It will sufficient for our purpose to enquire, whether this account can be shown to be in accordance with our astronomical and geological knowledge. And for the right understanding of it the whole must be set out, so that the various parts may be taken in connexion with one another.

長文の英訳お願いします！part2

part1の続きです。 It is claimed that many British companier are losing business through a lack of language skills. Telephone operators often do not understand enough to put through overseas calls,and in a league of European companies with executives who are able to negotiate in a foreign language,Britain is second from bottom. Because of poor language skills at home,employers in Britain are turning increasingly to nationals of other countries when recruiting staff,especially in areas such as hotels,commerce and international transport. Nor is there much good news from British schools,where statistics show that languages are not given as much priarity as in other parts of Europe.

この文章を日本語にしてください。

I am curious if you are studying the vocabulary of the words that we are reading? Also after we are finished with this book is there another book you are interested in to keep reading and working on your pronunciation? I am willing to help you in any way I can.

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

It should be noticed that when δ*=0 the perigee of a purely Keplerian orbit lies on the x-axis. For the orbital calculations, b_i~ is taken in the range between －10 to 10 and δ* is varied from －π to π. When |b_i~| is about 10, the perigee distance from the planet is larger than several times the Hill radius. Thus, the particle is hardly scattered and keeps almost the same orbital elements as the initial during the encounter. When |b_i~| is as small as 6, however, a particle begins to interact with the planet appreciably only in the vicinity of δ*=0 and the orbital elements are slightly changed. よろしくお願いします。

英語の長文の和訳をお願いします。

途中、並び替えや空欄があります。(A)にはsaying，linguistic，way，somethingが、(B)にはwhich，what，how，whereのどれかが入ります。お願い致します。 Human　beings　learn　to　communicate　with　each　other　through　nonlinguistic　means　as　well　as　linguistic　ones.　All　of　us　are　familiar　with　the　saying,　“It　wasn´t　what　he　said　;　It　was　the　way　that　he　said　it”when,　by　using　the　word　(A),　we　mean　something　about　the　particular　voice　quality　that　was　in　evidence,　or　the　sat　of　a　shoulder,　or　the　obvious　tension　in　certain　muscles.　A　message　may　even　be　contradicted　by　the　accompanying　tone　and　gestures,　so　that　each　of　“I´m　ready,”“You´re　beautiful,”and“I　don´t　know　where　he　is”can　mean　the　opposite　of　any　literal　interpretation. 　Often　we　experience　difficulty　in　pinpointing　exactly　(B)　in　the　communication　causes　the　change　of　meaning,　and　any　statement　we　make　as　to　the　sources　of　the　discrepancy　between　the　literal　meaning　of　the　words　and　the　total　message　communicated　is　likely　to　be　expressed　in　extremely　impressionistic　terms.　It　is　likely　to　refer　to　something　like　a　sparkle　in　a　person´s　eye,　or　a　“threatening”gesture,　or　an　“insulting”manner. 　We　are　likely　to　make　similar　impressionistic　statements　about　communication　between　members　of　different　cultures.　Sometimes　we　remark　that　Frenchmen　“talk　with　their　hands,”Japanese　“smile”on　inappropriate　occasions,　and　American　Indians　are　“stone-faced.”As　a　result,　(tend,people,we,stereotype,to,who)　come　from　other　linguistic　and　cultural　backgrounds　on　the　basis　of　impressions　about　their　language,　gestures,　customary　movements,　and　uses　of　space．以上です。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

Table 2. Change of evaluated <P(e,i)> due to different choices of y_0. Two cases are tabulated: (e, i)=(0, 0) and (4,0). The value of <P(e, i)> varies with y_0, but the difference becomes very small as long as y_0 is greater than 40 and 80 for the cases of e=0 and e=4, respectively. よろしくお願いします。

英文の書き換え

the other class of machine consists of those whose function it is to be as sensitive as possible to some kind of change in their surroundings. タイトルの英文ですが下記のように書き換えられますか？ the other class of machine consists of function which is to be as sensitive as possible to some kind of change in their surroundings.(1) the other class of machine consists of that those function is to be as sensitive as possible to some kind of change in their surroundings.(2) 宜しくお願い致します。

農業変化とは何か？歴史的再構成を通じた考察

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以下の英文はどう訳しますか？

とても長文ですが、以下の英文で困っています！

この文章はどのように訳すのでしょうか？

これらの文章を訳して欲しいです。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

この文章の和訳を教えてください。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

英訳お願いします

この文章の和訳を教えてください。

英文の翻訳をお願いいたします

少し長い文章を読んでいます

かなり長文なのですが、以下の英文で困っています！

和訳お願い致します。

長文の英訳お願いします！part2

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農業変化とは何か？歴史的再構成を通じた考察

少し長文なのですが、この文章はどのように訳しますか？

質問者が選んだベストアンサー

関連するQ&A

以下の英文はどう訳しますか？

とても長文ですが、以下の英文で困っています！

この文章はどのように訳すのでしょうか？

これらの文章を訳して欲しいです。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

この文章の和訳を教えてください。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

英訳お願いします

この文章の和訳を教えてください。

英文の翻訳をお願いいたします

少し長い文章を読んでいます

かなり長文なのですが、以下の英文で困っています！

和訳お願い致します。

長文の英訳お願いします！part2

この文章を日本語にしてください。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

英語の長文の和訳をお願いします。

この文章の和訳をお願いします。

英文の書き換え

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