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Battle of Bolimów

The Battle of Bolimów was an inconclusive battle of World War I fought on January 31, 1915 between Germany and Russia and considered a preliminary to the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. The German Ninth Army led by August von Mackensen attacked the Russian Second Army, under General Smirnov, near the Polish village of Bolimów, lying on the railway line connecting Łódź and Warsaw.
The Battle of Bolimów was the first attempt by the Germans at a large-scale use of poison gas; the eighteen thousand gas shells they fired proved unsuccessful when the xylyl bromide—a type of tear gas—was blown back at their own lines. The gas caused few, if any, casualties, however, since the cold weather caused it to freeze, rendering it ineffective.
The failure of the xylyl bromide caused the German commanders to call off their attack. In response, the Russians sent 11 divisions, led by Vasily Gurko to launch a counterattack; German artillery repelled the Russian troops, who suffered 40,000 casualties.

Battle of Bolimów ボリムフの戦い

The battle of Kakamas took place in Kakamas, Northern Cape Province of South Africa on 4 February 1915. It was a skirmish for control of two river fords over the Orange River between contingents of a German invasion force and South African armed forces. The South Africans succeed in preventing the Germans gaining control of the fords and crossing the river. South Africa had assembled a force of 6,000 men in Upington and Kakamas, under the command of Colonel J. van Deventer. Deventer's men were to form one of the columns in a planned invasion of German South West Africa. In a pre-emptive move German Schutztruppe under the command of Major Ritter invaded South Africa. Ritter attacked Kakamas on 4 February 1915, hoping to capture two Orange River fords and head south further into South Africa. A fierce skirmish developed with the Germans being beaten back, with the loss of seven dead, sixteen wounded and sixteen taken prisoner. Following the battle van Deventer called up the rest of his column from Upington, 80 kilometres away, crossed the Orange River and proceeded to advance slowly into South West Africa. Just outside the town, in the town's cemetery, there is a memorial dedicated to the German soldiers killed in the battle.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Battle of Bolimów
　The Battle of Bolimów was an inconclusive battle of World War I fought on January 31, 1915 between Germany and Russia and considered a preliminary to the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. The German Ninth Army led by August von Mackensen attacked the Russian Second Army, under General Smirnov, near the Polish village of Bolimów, lying on the railway line connecting Łódź and Warsaw.
⇒「ボリモフの戦い」
　「ボリモフの戦い」は、1915年1月31日にドイツとロシアの間で行われた第一次世界大戦の戦いであり、決定的な結果は出ないまま、「第2次マズール湖の戦い」の予備戦と見なされるに至った。8月のフォン・マッケンゼン率いるドイツ第9方面軍は、スミルノフ将軍のもとで、ウッチとワルシャワを結ぶ鉄道線上にあるポーランドのボリモフ村の近くでロシアの第2方面軍を攻撃した。

＞The Battle of Bolimów was the first attempt by the Germans at a large-scale use of poison gas; the eighteen thousand gas shells they fired proved unsuccessful when the xylyl bromide—a type of tear gas—was blown back at their own lines. The gas caused few, if any, casualties, however, since the cold weather caused it to freeze, rendering it ineffective.
　The failure of the xylyl bromide caused the German commanders to call off their attack. In response, the Russians sent 11 divisions, led by Vasily Gurko to launch a counterattack; German artillery repelled the Russian troops, who suffered 40,000 casualties.
⇒「ボリモフの戦い」は、ドイツ軍が毒ガスを大規模に使用しようとした最初の試みであった。彼らが発射した1万8千発のガス弾 ― 催涙ガスの一種 ― である臭化キシリルが彼らの戦線上で吹き飛ばされたときに、失敗であることが判明した。ただし、寒冷な気候によりガスが凍結して効果がなくなったため、ガスによる死傷者はほとんどなかった。
　臭化キシリル（攻撃）の失敗は、ドイツ軍の指揮官が攻撃を中止することにつながったした。これに応じて、ロシア軍はヴァシリー・グルコ率いる11個師団を送って、反撃を開始した。ドイツ軍の大砲はロシア軍を撃退し、4万人の犠牲者を出した。

＞The battle of Kakamas took place in Kakamas, Northern Cape Province of South Africa on 4 February 1915. It was a skirmish for control of two river fords over the Orange River between contingents of a German invasion force and South African armed forces. The South Africans succeed in preventing the Germans gaining control of the fords and crossing the river. South Africa had assembled a force of 6,000 men in Upington and Kakamas, under the command of Colonel J. van Deventer. Deventer's men were to form one of the columns in a planned invasion of German South West Africa.
⇒「カカマスの戦い」は、1915年2月4日に南アフリカの北ケープ州カカマスで起こった。それは、ドイツの侵略軍と南アフリカ軍の派遣部隊との間にある、オレンジ川の2か所の浅瀬の支配権をめぐる小競り合いであった。南アフリカ軍は浅瀬を支配して、ドイツ軍が川を渡るのを阻止していた。南アフリカ軍は、J.ファン・デーンター大佐の指揮の下、ウピントンとカカマスに6,000人の部隊を集めた。デーヴェンターの部隊は、計画されたドイツ領南西アフリカ侵攻のための縦隊の一つを形成することになっていた。

＞In a pre-emptive move German Schutztruppe under the command of Major Ritter invaded South Africa. Ritter attacked Kakamas on 4 February 1915, hoping to capture two Orange River fords and head south further into South Africa. A fierce skirmish developed with the Germans being beaten back, with the loss of seven dead, sixteen wounded and sixteen taken prisoner. Following the battle van Deventer called up the rest of his column from Upington, 80 kilometres away, crossed the Orange River and proceeded to advance slowly into South West Africa. Just outside the town, in the town's cemetery, there is a memorial dedicated to the German soldiers killed in the battle.
⇒リッター少佐の指揮下にあるドイツ軍の植民地保護隊が、先制攻撃で南アフリカに侵入した。リッターは、1915年2月4日にカカマスを攻撃し、オレンジ川の2つの浅瀬を占領し、さらに南の南アフリカに向かうことを望んでいた。激しい小競り合いが発展して、ドイツ軍では7人が死亡し、16人が負傷し、16人が捕虜になって、撃退された。この戦いに続いて、ファン・デベンターは80キロ離れたウピントンから残りの縦隊を呼び、オレンジ川を渡り、ゆっくりと南西アフリカに進んだ。町のすぐ外の墓地には、戦いで殺されたドイツ兵を記念した記念碑がある。

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