British Attempt to Take Jerusalem in World War I

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  • During World War I, the British made their first attempt to capture Jerusalem but faced obstacles such as a lack of artillery support, the need for fresh troops, difficult weather conditions, and strong Ottoman defense.
  • During a lull in their attack, the British used the opportunity to improve the infrastructure in the area and bring forward their heavy artillery and supplies. They also replaced XXI Corps with XX Corps.
  • The Ottoman Army launched several attacks against the British forces, but reinforcements arrived and the British eventually took control of Jerusalem. The battle played a key role in the capture of the city, and the British Empire regiments involved were awarded the battle honor Nebi Samwil.
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The British first attempt to take Jerusalem, stalled for the lack of artillery support, the need for fresh troops and not least the weather condition and the strong Ottoman defence. In the lull before their next attack the British used the opportunity to improve the roads and tracks in the area. To bring forward their heavy artillery and ammunition, water and other supplies. Allenby also decided to relieve XXI Corps with XX Corps which had had a quieter time on the coastal plain. The Ottoman Army, however did not sit back and conducted several attacks against the British forces at the end of November beginning of December using tactics similar to those that would be used by the Germans in their Spring Offensive on the Western Front in March 1918. British reinforcement arrived which stemmed the Ottoman assault and they went over to the attack themselves on 7 December. The Ottoman force left Jerusalem over the night of 8/9 December and the civic authorities handed over the city to the British. For their part in the battle the 75th Division divisional insignia became a key, representing that the battle was the key to the capture of Jerusalem. In recognition for their part in the battle, the British Empire regiments involved were awarded the battle honour Nebi Samwil. The Battle of Ngomano or Negomano was fought between the German Empire and Portugal during the East African Campaign of World War I. A force of Germans and Askaris under Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck had just won a costly victory against the British at the Battle of Mahiwa, in present-day Tanzania and ran very short of supplies. To find food, the Germans invaded Portuguese East Africa to the south, to escape superior British forces to the north and supply themselves with captured Portuguese materiel. Portugal was part of the Entente and a belligerent, employing troops in France and Africa; so a force under Major João Teixeira Pinto was sent to stop von Lettow-Vorbeck from crossing the border. The Portuguese were flanked by the Germans, while encamped at Ngomano on 25 November 1917. The battle saw the Portuguese force nearly destroyed, with many troops killed and captured.

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＞The British first attempt to take Jerusalem, stalled for the lack of artillery support, the need for fresh troops and not least the weather condition and the strong Ottoman defence.　In the lull before their next attack the British used the opportunity to improve the roads and tracks in the area. To bring forward their heavy artillery and ammunition, water and other supplies. Allenby also decided to relieve XXI Corps with XX Corps which had had a quieter time on the coastal plain. ⇒英国軍がエルサレムを奪取するための最初の試みは、砲兵隊支援の不足、活力ある軍隊の必要、それと特に気象条件および強いオスマントルコ防御隊にかこつけて遅れていた。　英国軍は、彼らの次なる攻撃前の小康状態を、地域の道路と路線を改善する機会に利用した。重砲や弾薬、水や他の供給品を前方に送り出すために利用した。アレンビーはまた、沿岸の平地でより静かな時間を過ごしていた第XX、第XXI軍団を救援・解放することを決意した。 ＞The Ottoman Army, however did not sit back and conducted several attacks against the British forces at the end of November beginning of December using tactics similar to those that would be used by the Germans in their Spring Offensive on the Western Front in March 1918. British reinforcement arrived which stemmed the Ottoman assault and they went over to the attack themselves on 7 December. The Ottoman force left Jerusalem over the night of 8/9 December and the civic authorities handed over the city to the British. ⇒オスマントルコ方面軍は、座して手を拱くことはせず、11月の終わりと12月の始め、英国軍に対して数回の攻撃を実行した。そしてその戦術は、1918年3月に西部戦線での「春の攻勢」でドイツ軍が使ったと見られるものと同様の戦術を使っていた。英国軍の増強隊が到着して、オスマントルコ軍の猛攻撃をせき止め、さらに彼らは12月7日には攻撃に転じていった。オスマントルコ軍団は、12月8/9日の夜間にエルサレムを去り、全市を牛耳る市当局は英国軍に手渡された。 ＞For their part in the battle the 75th Division divisional insignia became a key, representing that the battle was the key to the capture of Jerusalem. In recognition for their part in the battle, the British Empire regiments involved were awarded the battle honour Nebi Samwil. ⇒この戦いでは、第75師団の担う旗印的役割が鍵となり、エルサレム攻略のためには、この戦いが必須であることを示していた。この戦いにおける役割を表彰して、大英帝国連隊関係者はネビ・サムウィル参戦栄誉章を授与された。 ＞The Battle of Ngomano or Negomano was fought between the German Empire and Portugal during the East African Campaign of World War I. A force of Germans and Askaris under Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck had just won a costly victory against the British at the Battle of Mahiwa, in present-day Tanzania and ran very short of supplies. To find food, the Germans invaded Portuguese East Africa to the south, to escape superior British forces to the north and supply themselves with captured Portuguese materiel. ⇒「ンゴマノまたはネゴマノの戦い」は、第一次世界大戦中、東アフリカ野戦の間にドイツ帝国とポルトガルの間で戦われた。ポール・エミール・フォン・レトゥ‐フォルベック麾下のドイツ軍団と現地軍が、現代のタンザニア「マヒワの戦い」で英国軍に対して高価な勝利を勝ち取ったが、供給品が非常に不足していた。ドイツ軍は、食物を探すために、北方のより優れている英国軍を免れて南のポルトガル領東アフリカを侵略し、攻略したポルトガル軍の材料を自軍に供給しようとした。 ＞Portugal was part of the Entente and a belligerent, employing troops in France and Africa; so a force under Major João Teixeira Pinto was sent to stop von Lettow-Vorbeck from crossing the border. The Portuguese were flanked by the Germans, while encamped at Ngomano on 25 November 1917. The battle saw the Portuguese force nearly destroyed, with many troops killed and captured. ⇒ポルトガルは、協商国の一部にして交戦国相手であったので、フランスやアフリカの軍隊を雇用した。従って、ジョアン・テシェィラ・ピント少佐麾下の軍団が、フォン・レトゥ・フォルベックが境界を横切ってくるのを防ぐために派遣された。ポルトガル軍はドイツ人軍に側面包囲されたが、その間の1917年11月25日にンゴマノで野営した。戦いは、ポルトガル軍団がほとんど破壊されて、多くの軍隊が殺害され、捕縛されるという状況であった。

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