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質問

The First Battle of Garua took place from 29 to 31 August 1914 during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War between German and invading British forces in northern Kamerun at Garua. It was the first significant action to take place in the campaign and resulted in the German repulsion of the British force. On 25 August 1914 (three weeks after war had broken out in Europe), British cavalry from the West African Frontier Force crossed the border from Nigeria and seized Tepe, a German border post to the north of Garua. The post's occupation gave British forces a foothold in northern Kamerun, from which they could attack the many German forts that protected the region, including the ones at Garua. The Germans had constructed five modern forts at Garua, each of which were situated to give supporting fire to another if needed. The earthworks included deep trenches and dugouts with overhead protection, ringed with barbed wire and manned by three companies of African Askaris under German officers and NCO's. Artillery would be needed to cause any significant damage to the fortifications. From Tepe, British forces under the command of Colonel MacLear turned southwards towards the stronghold at Garua. They arrived on 29 August and dug entrenchments around the German forts. That night the British attacked the fortifications, charging over 400 meters of open ground. After suffering heavy casualties they successfully captured one of the five forts. The following day German forces counter-attacked, pushing the British out. Nigerian troops reportedly fled, leaving British officers alone in the trenches. As the British force fled the Germans continued their counter-attack, pushing them out of Kamerun completely and pursuing them into Nigeria for days afterwards. The majority of the officers of the British units were killed, including the commanding officer, Colonel MacLear. Forty percent of the native Nigerian troops were lost. The Germans suffered relatively minor losses in comparison. The action at Garua, as well as battles in other areas along Kamerun's north-western border with Nigeria, turned out to be relatively successful for the Germans. They were able to repulse each British thrust that came at them during the opening days of the conflict, and even put themselves in position to threaten Calabar, the main port in eastern Nigeria. The victory at Garua enhanced the morale of German Askaris significantly and stalled Allied advances into northern Kamerun until mid-1915, when the Second Battle of Garua resulted in British victory.

Garua 　ガルナ

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The First Battle of Garua took place from 29 to 31 August 1914 during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War between German and invading British forces in northern Kamerun at Garua. It was the first significant action to take place in the campaign and resulted in the German repulsion of the British force. On 25 August 1914 (three weeks after war had broken out in Europe), British cavalry from the West African Frontier Force crossed the border from Nigeria and seized Tepe, a German border post to the north of Garua.
⇒「第一次ガルアの戦い」は、第一次世界大戦の「カメルン野戦」の中で1914年8月29日から31日までの間に行われた、ガルアの北部カメルンにおけるドイツ軍と侵略英国軍の間の戦いであった。それは野戦で行われる最初の重要な戦闘行動であり、英国軍によるドイツ軍の排斥をもたらした。1914年8月25日（ヨーロッパで勃発した戦いの3週間後）、西アフリカ国境軍団から（派遣された）英国軍騎兵隊がナイジェリアからの国境を越えてガルアの北にあるドイツ領国境の哨戒基地テペを押収した。

＞The post's occupation gave British forces a foothold in northern Kamerun, from which they could attack the many German forts that protected the region, including the ones at Garua. The Germans had constructed five modern forts at Garua, each of which were situated to give supporting fire to another if needed. The earthworks included deep trenches and dugouts with overhead protection, ringed with barbed wire and manned by three companies of African Askaris under German officers and NCO's. Artillery would be needed to cause any significant damage to the fortifications.
⇒哨戒基地を占拠したことで、英国軍はカメルン北部に足場を得て、そこから彼らは地域を保護する多くのドイツ軍の砦を攻撃することができたが、その中にガルアの砦も含まれていた。ドイツ軍はガルアに5か所の近代的な砦を建設したが、それらは必要に応じて別の砦を砲火支援するために置かれていた。土工工事には、頭上からの保護が施された深い塹壕、堀、有刺鉄線で囲われ、そしてドイツ軍将校とNCO（無任所将校）の下にあるアフリカ現地人兵士の3個中隊が配置されていた。砲兵隊はこの要塞に何かしら重大な損害を与えることが求められた。

＞From Tepe, British forces under the command of Colonel MacLear turned southwards towards the stronghold at Garua. They arrived on 29 August and dug entrenchments around the German forts. That night the British attacked the fortifications, charging over 400 meters of open ground. After suffering heavy casualties they successfully captured one of the five forts. The following day German forces counter-attacked, pushing the British out.
⇒マクレア大佐の指揮下にある英国軍団が、テペから南のガルアの強化要塞地点に向かった。彼らは8月29日に到着し、ドイツ軍の要塞周辺に塹壕を掘った。その夜、英国軍は要塞を攻撃し、400メートル以上にわたって無防備地帯を攻撃した。大規模な死傷者を出した後、彼らは5つの砦のうちの1つをうまく攻略した。翌日、ドイツ軍が反撃に転じ、英国軍を追放した。

＞Nigerian troops reportedly fled, leaving British officers alone in the trenches. As the British force fled the Germans continued their counter-attack, pushing them out of Kamerun completely and pursuing them into Nigeria for days afterwards. The majority of the officers of the British units were killed, including the commanding officer, Colonel MacLear. Forty percent of the native Nigerian troops were lost. The Germans suffered relatively minor losses in comparison.
⇒うわさによると、ナイジェリア軍が逃亡し、英国軍の将校らだけが塹壕に残った。（その後）英国軍が逃げたとき、ドイツ軍は反撃を続け、彼らをカメルンから完全に追い出し、その後数日間ナイジェリアまで追跡した。英国軍部隊では、指揮官マクレア大佐を含む将校の大多数が殺害された。ナイジェリア原住民軍隊の40％が失われた。それに比べてドイツ軍が被った損失は相対的に小さかった。

＞The action at Garua, as well as battles in other areas along Kamerun's north-western border with Nigeria, turned out to be relatively successful for the Germans. They were able to repulse each British thrust that came at them during the opening days of the conflict, and even put themselves in position to threaten Calabar, the main port in eastern Nigeria. The victory at Garua enhanced the morale of German Askaris significantly and stalled Allied advances into northern Kamerun until mid-1915, when the Second Battle of Garua resulted in British victory.
⇒ガルアでの戦闘行動は、ナイジェリアとカメルンとの北西の境界に沿った地域での戦い同様、ドイツ軍にとって比較的成功だったことが判明した。彼らは、紛争が始まった日の間に彼らに降ってきたそれぞれの英国軍の猛攻を撃退することができたし、さらに、ナイジェリア東部の主要港であるカラバルに陣地を張ることさえできた。ガルアでの勝利は、ドイツの現地人軍の士気を大いに高め、連合国軍の北部カメルンへの前進を食い止めた。そして、それが「第二次ガルアの戦い」で英国に勝利をもたらした1915年半ばまで続いた。

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