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質問

When the Austrian offensive routed the Italians, the new Italian chief of staff, Armando Diaz ordered the Fourth Army to stop their retreat and defend these positions between the Roncone and Tomatico mountains.
The Austrians, with help from the German Army's Alpenkorps, failed to take the mountains summit during the first battle of Monte Grappa from November 11, 1917 to December 23, 1917. The German and Austro-Hungarian supply lines had in fact become overstreched and Armando Diaz sent remnants of the defeated Second Army in support of the Fourth Army. He also allowed his local commanders much more room for manoeuvre than his predecessor, which resulted in a more elastic and effective Italian defense.
Thus the Italian front along the Piave river was stabilized and the Austrians failed to enter the plains beyond and take the city of Venice.

Battles - The Battle of Mughar Ridge, 1917
Having demolished the Turkish lines at the Third Battle of Gaza in late October/early November 1917 newly-installed British Commander-in-Chief Sir Edmund Allenby continued his autumn offensive en route to Jerusalem (and under instructions by Lloyd George to ensure its fall by Christmas) by dealing with the danger to his inland flank posed by the Turkish Seventh Army while simultaneously capturing the village of El Mughar.Led by Fevsi Pasha the Turkish Seventh Army had been dispatched across the desert by recently appointed Turkish regional commander Erich von Falkenhayn (the former German army Chief of Staff) in spite of advice to the contrary by his own staff officers.
Allenby's response was to continue his assault on coastal positions defended by the Turkish Eighth Army under Kress von Kressenstein (the man who had earlier thrown back two earlier British assaults upon Gaza).  He meanwhile instructed the Australian Mounted Division to guard his force's flank in what comprised a somewhat thin of defence.
Consequently British infantry divisions launched an attack upon a ridge northwest of Junction Station (where the railway joined the Haifa-Jerusalem line) on 13 November 1917.
Difficult terrain around El Mughar slowed the advance before a charge by 800 cavalry troops - assisted by artillery and machine gunnery - cleared El Mughar by evening.  Some 1,400 Turkish troops had been lost during the encounter, set against 616 British losses.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞When the Austrian offensive routed the Italians, the new Italian chief of staff, Armando Diaz ordered the Fourth Army to stop their retreat and defend these positions between the Roncone and Tomatico mountains.
⇒オーストリア軍が攻勢してイタリア軍を破った時に、新しいイタリア軍の参謀アルマンド・ディアスが、第4方面軍に対して退却をやめて、ロンコネ山とトマチコ山の間の陣地を防御するように命じた。

＞The Austrians, with help from the German Army's Alpenkorps, failed to take the mountains summit during the first battle of Monte Grappa from November 11, 1917 to December 23, 1917. The German and Austro-Hungarian supply lines had in fact become overstreched and Armando Diaz sent remnants of the defeated Second Army in support of the Fourth Army. He also allowed his local commanders much more room for manoeuvre than his predecessor, which resulted in a more elastic and effective Italian defense. 　Thus the Italian front along the Piave river was stabilized and the Austrians failed to enter the plains beyond and take the city of Venice.
⇒オーストリア軍は、ドイツ方面軍のアルプス軍団から援助を受けたが、1917年11月11日から1917年12月23日までのモンテ・グラッパにおける最初の戦いの間に、山の頂上を取ることに失敗した。実のところ、ドイツおよびオーストリア－ハンガリー軍の供給管路が過剰な緊張状態となったので、アルマンド・ディアスは敗れた第2方面軍の生き残り兵を第4方面軍の支持要員として派遣した。彼はまた、機動工作のための余地を局地の司令官に前任者よりずっと多く与えたが、このことが、結果としてより柔軟で効果的なイタリア防御を生じた。　かくして、ピアヴェ川に沿ったイタリア軍の前線は安定したので、オーストリア軍は、平原を越えてベニスの都市を取ることに失敗した。

＞Battles - The Battle of Mughar Ridge, 1917
Having demolished the Turkish lines at the Third Battle of Gaza in late October/early November 1917 newly-installed British Commander-in-Chief Sir Edmund Allenby continued his autumn offensive en route to Jerusalem (and under instructions by Lloyd George to ensure its fall by Christmas) by dealing with the danger to his inland flank posed by the Turkish Seventh Army while simultaneously capturing the village of El Mughar. Led by Fevsi Pasha the Turkish Seventh Army had been dispatched across the desert by recently appointed Turkish regional commander Erich von Falkenhayn (the former German army Chief of Staff) in spite of advice to the contrary by his own staff officers.
⇒戦闘－「ムガール・リッジの戦い」、1917年
新しく就任した英国軍総参謀長エドムンド・アレンビー卿司令官は、1917年10月末／11月初頭の「第3次ガザの戦い」でトルコ軍の戦線を粉砕したので、エルサレムへの進軍途上で（そしてクリスマスまでにその陥落を保証するロイド＝ジョージの指示の下で）、彼の秋の攻勢を続行した。トルコ軍第7方面軍によって課された内陸の側面隊の危険に対処すると同時に、エル・ムガールの村を攻略した。フェヴシ・パシャの指揮するトルコ軍第7方面軍は、最近任命されたトルコ地域司令官エーリヒ・フォン・ファルケンハイン（ドイツ軍の軍隊参謀総長前任者）によって、彼自身の軍の参謀将校による逆の忠告にもかかわらず、砂漠を横切って急遽派遣された。

＞Allenby's response was to continue his assault on coastal positions defended by the Turkish Eighth Army under Kress von Kressenstein (the man who had earlier thrown back two earlier British assaults upon Gaza). He meanwhile instructed the Australian Mounted Division to guard his force's flank in what comprised a somewhat thin of defence.
⇒アレンビーの対応は、（かつてガザに対する2回の英国軍猛攻撃を撃退した）クレス・フォン・クレッセンシュタイン指揮下のトルコ軍第8方面軍が防御する海岸の陣地に対して猛攻撃を続けることであった。彼は、オーストラリア騎馬師団に、攻撃の間、幾分手薄になる彼の軍団の側面の防御を護衛するようを指示した。

＞Consequently British infantry divisions launched an attack upon a ridge northwest of Junction Station (where the railway joined the Haifa-Jerusalem line) on 13 November 1917.　Difficult terrain around El Mughar slowed the advance before a charge by 800 cavalry troops - assisted by artillery and machine gunnery - cleared El Mughar by evening. Some 1,400 Turkish troops had been lost during the encounter, set against 616 British losses.
⇒その結果、英国軍歩兵師団は、1917年11月13日に、接合駅（そこで鉄道がハイファ－エルサレム線と合流していた）北西の尾根への攻撃を開始した。　800人の騎兵軍隊の進軍が、エル・ムガール周辺の難しい地形によって遅れたが、－砲兵隊と機関銃隊の補助を得て－夕方までにエル・ムガールを一掃した。この交戦でトルコ軍隊が約1,400人を失ったのに対し、英国軍の損失は616人であった。

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