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“Fundamentally,” he says, “what we are focused on is bringing people back to life from death or near-death, and reinventing or revolutionising the way we approach that.” Becker's key discovery is that cells don't die during that five-minute window. The real damage comes when the heart restarts and oxygen floods the tissues, a process known as reperfusion.
“It's pretty well accepted that at the point at which the usual human being gets pronounced dead, all their cells are alive. It's a very eerie question: if all their cells are alive, what is death?” says Becker. Besides, if all the patient's cells are alive, why can't the patient recover and walk out of the hospital? “With our current therapies we can't do it.”
One option, says Becker, is cooling the patient―by a few degrees, not to cryonic extremes―to buy time, an idea he says has been around for thousands of year. In studies, dogs and mice cooled before reperfusion have recovered better. “We believe it prevents reperfusion injury.”
Cooling, he adds, is much quicker if you cool the blood directly, either by injecting a slurry of micro-ice particles or by using a bypass machine. Imagine, he says, a soldier in the Iraq war, bleeding to death while you watch. “If you could zap, perfuse him, put him on a plane, wing him to a major hospital and fix him all up―that's not at all crazy.”
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