経済大国の労働時間は？

質問

先進国首脳会議（サミット）に参加国の中で、製造業務において夜勤、もしくは、２交代勤務で、引継ぎの為残業必須の労働基準を取っている国は、何カ国ありますか？

回答No.1

omeger · ベストアンサー

＞経済大国の労働時間は？
＞先進国首脳会議（サミット）に参加国

G8だけを並べてみると、平均の年間労働時間は↓となります。
アメリカ 1,804時間
日本 1,784時間
ドイツ 1,436時間
イギリス 1,669時間
フランス 1,564時間
イタリア 1,800時間
カナダ 1,738時間
ロシア 不明
(OECDより、2006年)
なおOECDでは最短はオランダの1,391時間、最長は韓国の2,305時間です。

いくらか注意点もあります。
まず、パートタイムの労働者を含むことで
平均の労働時間が短くなっていることに注意します。
日本の場合はフルタイム労働者の労働時間は、
平均＋200時間くらいになります。

次に、通常の労働時間に明記されてない所定外労働時間というのもあり、
日本の場合は(景気次第で動きますが)＋200時間くらいになっています。
データブック国際労働比較によると、所定外を含めた
生産労働者(製造業、2005年)の年間実労働時間は↓となります。
http://www.jil.go.jp/kokunai/statistics/databook/documents/197_6-1.pdf

アメリカ 1,943時間(所定外239時間)
日本 1,988時間(所定外200時間)
ドイツ 1,525時間(所定外不明)
イギリス 1,869時間(所定外125時間)
フランス 1,537時間(所定外不明)
イタリア 不明
カナダ 不明
ロシア 不明

過労の度合を図るには、週48時間以上働く
労働者の割合とかいった指標もあります。
ILOによると、↓になっているようです。
http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&context=globaldocs#page=2
ILOの4年前の資料だと日本の長時間労働者は多いようにも見えますが、
この違いは何なんでしょうかね。
http://www.gender.go.jp/whitepaper/h19/zentai/danjyo/html/zuhyo/fig01_00_22.html

＞製造業務において夜勤、もしくは、２交代勤務で、
＞引継ぎの為残業必須の労働基準を取っている国は、何カ国ありますか？
法律のことは私は分りませんが、
ILOのworking time databaseによると、夜勤の制度には↓があるようです。
【アメリカ】データなし
【日本】
Compensation Not less than 25 per cent and no more than 50 per cent additional pay.
【ドイツ】
It must be ensured that night-workers have the same access to further training and to advancement opportunities as other workers
Compensation If no rules on compensation exist in the applicable collective agreement, employers must grant night-workers:
(1) an appropriate number of paid days-off to compensate for the hours worked during the night; or
(2) an appropriate supplement over and above the gross wage due to them for the hours worked.
* Health and safety
Before the start of their employment and subsequently at regular intervals of no more than three years, night workers are entitled to a medical examination.
Workers over the age of 50 are entitled to an annual medical examination.
The employer will take care of the costs of these examinations, if he does not offer to have them carried out free of charge by a company doctor or a practice of company doctors.
* Transfers
Unless there are urgent business reasons that would prevent it, the employer must transfer a night worker to a suitable daytime position, at his or her request where:
(1) a medical examination has determined that further night-work would be harmful to the worker's health;
(2) a child of under 12 years of age lives in the worker's household who cannot be cared for by any other person in the household; or
(3) the worker looks after a relative who requires constant nursing care and cannot be looked after by any other relative in his or her household.
Where urgent business reasons exist to refuse a transfer, the works council or personnel committee must be consulted and may propose suitable transfers to the employer.
* Rights to equal treatment
It must be ensured that night-workers have the same access to training and advancement opportunities as other workers.
【イギリス】
Unless exceptional circumstances, a young worker shall not work at night.
* Health and safety
A free health assessment must be carried out before an assignment to perform night work and afterwards over regular intervals.
* Transfers
From night work to day work for health-related reasons. When health problems connected to night work have been confirmed by a
registered medical practitioner, a night workers should be allowed to transfer to day work when it is possible to do so.
* Prohibitions
Young workers : Work in hospitals or similar establishment or in connection with cultural artistic, sporting or advertising activities. Except for the prohibition of performing work between midnight and 4:00, night work may be performed up to midnight and as from 4:00 in agriculture, retail trading, postal or newspaper deliveries, a catering business, a hotel, public house, restaurant, bar or similar establishment, or a bakery.
【フランス】
* Compensation
Night workers must benefit from a compensatory rest period or receive wage compensation for night work. The collective agreement must provide for this.
* Health and safety
Medical check-up before taking up night work and thereafter at regular intervals of not more than 6 months.
Night workers who wish to move to a day post and day workers who wish to move to night work in the same establishment or enterprise, have priority for jobs in their professional category or equivalent employment. The employer must make known to these workers the list of corresponding vacancies.
* Transfers
Night workers who wish to move to a day post and day workers who wish to move to night work in the same establishment or enterprise, have priority for jobs in their professional category or equivalent employement. The employer must make known to these workers the list of corresponding vacancies.
* Prohibitions
Special categories : Seagoing workers, workers in road transport, the railway sector, railway catering or employed by a firm operating in inland waterways are subject to specific night work provisions.
【カナダ】
* Prohibitions
Young workers It is prohibited for workers under 17 years to work between 23:00 and 06:00.
【イタリア】
* Compensation
Collective agreements must provide for an increase in the salary of night workers.
* Health and safety
Others With due regard for the general principles of the protection of the safety and health of workers, workers performing an activity when duration of the working time is not measured or predetermined or can be determined by the workers themselves, are excluded by provisions on night work, particularly:
a) managing executives or other persons with autonomous decisions-taking power; b) family workers; c) workers officiating at religious ceremonies in churches and religious communities; d) home workers and teleworkers.
* Health assessments
The evaluation of the health of workers performing night work shall take place through precautionary and recurrent checkups. The employer shall ensure during the night the same precautionary and protective measures as during the day.
Checkups shall take place at least every 2 years and expenses be charged on employers.
* Transfers
In case of special health problems, which cause inability for a worker to perform night work after the evaluation by the competent doctor, a worker shall be moved to normal day work, performing the same activities, if possible.
* Prohibitions
Young workers : Children and youths can be allowed to perform night work which does not extend beyond midnight in the case of cultural, artistic, sports or advertising activities.
They are entitled to a rest period of at least 14 hours.
Pregnant workers/recent birth : Night work is forbidden for women from the first month of pregnancy until the child is one years old.
Parents : Night work is forbidden for a mother with a child up to one years old; a mother whose child is less than 3 years old or the husband who lives with her; and a worker who is the sole guardian of a child younger than 12 years old
Carers : Night work is prohibited for a worker who is the only guardian of a child who is less than 12 years old and for a worker who has a dependant with serious disabilities.
General : Collective agreements can fix requirements for workers who cannot perform night work.
【ロシア】
* Prohibitions
Parents : Written agreement to perform night work is necessary for women with children under the age of 3 years, workers with either a disabled child or another disabled family member, and single parents with children under the age of 5 years.
Workers must be informed in writing of their right to refuse to perform night work.
Carers : Written agreement to perform night work is necessary for workers with a disabled family member.
They must be informed in writing of their right to refuse to perform night work.
Disabled workers : Night work is prohibited for disabled workers.
Young workers : Night work is prohibited for young workers under 18 years old.
Pregnant workers/recent birth : Pregnant women cannot perform night work.

お礼

ANo.1さま。
大変膨大な資料を提示して頂きありがとう御座いました。
健康と安全が大前提のようですね。
ＵＳＡがかなり検討していますし、ドイツ辺りが
自殺者が異常に多い日本には良いのではないのでしょうか？それでは
ＧＤＰの伸び率が低く国の財政赤字にさらに拍車が掛かるのでしょうか？国民の学力がフランス並ではまずいですが、自殺しなければならないような世の中の風潮が無くなり財政赤字せめて増えない状況になり
国民の収入の格差が是正されこの国を母国日本が愛せれば良いです。