幸せってどんな時なの?構文分析から考察する

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  • 学生時代って本当に幸せな時だったの?でも、それを言う人には常に疑いを持ってしまう。
  • 今幸せかどうかを知るのは難しいし、自分の人生の幸福度を比較するのはもっと難しい。ただ言えるのは、私たちは明確に不幸ではない限り、かなり幸せだということだ。
  • 構文分析から考察すると、文のつながりや関係代名詞の使い方などに注目することで、より深く文章を理解することができる。
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構文分析よろしくお願い致します

Some people say that their schooldays were the happiest of their lives. They may be right, but I always look with suspicion upon those whom I hear saying this. It is hard enough to know whether one is happy or unhappy now, and still harder to compare the relative happiness or unhappiness of different times of one's life; the utmost that can be said is that we are fairly happy so long as we are not distinctly aware of being miserable. できるだけ丁寧にお願いしたいです。 例えば、andはこことここが繋がっているよ! とか、これは関係代名詞だよ!! と教えていただけると嬉しいです。 よろしくお願い致しますm(_ _)m

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  • Nakay702
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以下のとおり、全体を文単位に区切り、>で原文を、「」で訳文を、⇒で構文分析を、*で説明を、それぞれ順に列挙する形でお答えします。 >Some people say that their schooldays were the happiest of their lives.「ある人たちは、学生時代が人生で一番幸せだったと言います。」 ⇒ S(Some people) V(say) O[Conj.(that) S(their schooldays) V(were) C(the happiest of their lives)]. *Conj.接続詞thatの導く名詞節 [that ~ of their lives]が、V(say) の目的語です。これを訳でば「彼らの人生のうちで~(であった)と」となりますが、この「と、ということ」の部分が、thatの対訳部分に当たります。 >They may be right, but I always look with suspicion upon those whom I hear saying this. 「彼らは正しいかもしれませんが、私はいつもこれを言う(のを私が聞く)人たちを疑って見ています。」 ⇒ {S(They) V(may be) C(right)}, Conj.(but) {S(I) M(always) V'(look) M(with suspicion) V" (upon) O(those) [Rel.(whom) S(I) V(hear) C(saying this)]}. *接続詞butは、2つの単文{They~right} と{I ~ this} とをつないでいます。V'(look)+V" (upon) で1つの動詞(動詞句)です。look upon ~「(ある種の感情をもって)~を見る」。O(those) を先行詞とするRel.関係代名詞whomは、自らが導く関係節(=形容詞節)[Rel.(whom) S(I) V(hear) C(saying this)]の中では、V(hear)の目的語であると同時にsayingの意味上の主語です。つまり、C(saying this)は目的格補語です。 >It is hard enough to know whether one is happy or unhappy now, and still harder to compare the relative happiness or unhappiness of different times of one's life; 「今、人が幸せか不幸かを知るのは相当困難であり、人生の異なる時期の相対的な幸福または不幸を比較することはさらに困難です。」 ⇒ {S'(It) V(is) M(hard enough) S"(to know) O[Con.(whether) S(one) V(is) C(happy or unhappy) M(now)],} Conj.(and) {M(still harder) S'"(to compare) O(the relative happiness or unhappiness) Adj.M(of different times of one's life)}; *S'(It)は形式主語、S"(to know)およびS'"(to compare)が真主語です。なお、接続詞andは{It~now} と{still ~ life} とをつないでいます。つまり、M(still harder) S'"(to compare)の前に、S'(It) V(is)が省略されています。形容詞的修飾語Adj.M(of different times of one's life)]は、直前のO(the relative happiness or unhappiness)にかかっています。なお、セミコロン「;」は、「,」と「.」の中間ぐらいの区切りを表しますが、訳文上では通常句点「。」に対応させます。 >the utmost that can be said is that we are fairly happy so long as we are not distinctly aware of being miserable. 「最大限言えることは、悲惨であることにはっきりと気づいていない限り、私たちはかなり幸せである、ということです。」 ⇒ S(the utmost) [Rel.(that) V(can be said)] V(is) C{ Con.(that) S(we) V(are) M(fairly) C(happy) M[Conj.(so long as) S(we) V(are) M(not distinctly) C(aware of being miserable)]}. *S(the utmost) [Rel.(that) V(can be said)]のthatは関係代名詞の主格です。先行詞はthe utmostです。「言われ得るところの最大限(は)」。Con.(that) S(we) V(are) M(fairly) C(happy)のthatは、名詞節(補語節)を導く接続詞です。「私たちはかなり幸せであるということ(である)」。M[Conj.(so long as) S(we) V(are) M(not distinctly) C(aware of being miserable)].は、従位接続詞句としてのso long asに引率され、副詞節として動詞isを修飾しています。「私たちが悲惨であることにはっきり気づいていない限りは」。

eigo0123
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お礼

ありがとうございました。 理解することが出来ました✨

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