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質問

The Battle of Krithia Vineyard (6–13 August 1915) was fought during the Gallipoli Campaign during the First World War. It was originally intended as a minor British action at Helles on the Gallipoli peninsula to divert attention from the imminent launch of the August Offensive, but instead, the British commander, Brigadier General H.E. Street, mounted a futile and bloody series of attacks that in the end gained a small patch of ground known as "The Vineyard".The original commander of the British VIII Corps at Helles, Lieutenant General Aylmer Hunter-Weston, had departed the peninsula in July, following the last Helles offensive—the Battle of Gully Ravine. His replacement, Lieutenant General Francis Davies, arrived in early August but had not yet assumed command of the corps when a series of diversions were due to be launched from Anzac and Helles to divert Ottoman attention from the planned landing at Suvla and the break out from Anzac. Consequently, the Helles diversion was planned and conducted by the VIII Corps' chief of staff, Brigadier General H.E. Street, who proved himself an able student of Hunter-Weston's battle strategy.Due to the shortage of artillery, the attack was split into two parts with the 88th Brigade of the 29th Division attacking on the afternoon of 6 August while two brigades of the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division would attack the following day. They were facing four Ottoman divisions, three of which were fresh, while there were two more divisions in reserve.

The 88th Brigade's attack managed to capture some Ottoman trenches, which were recaptured by the Ottoman 30th Regiment during a counter-attack. The British attacked again and once more captured some trenches, but the Ottomans counter-attacked again and drove them out. The British failed to hold any ground and the 88th Brigade was effectively destroyed as a fighting force. At around 9:40 am on the morning of 7 August the 42nd Division attacked on the right of the 88th Brigade's sector. The 127th Brigade managed to break through the line held by the Ottoman 13th Division, but were forced back by an Ottoman counter-attack.

The Ottomans counter-attacked repeatedly from 7 August to 9 August and the fighting in the area continued until 13 August when it finally subsided. Afterwards, this sector of the Helles front would remain one of the busiest and most violent for the remainder of the campaign.Two Victoria Crosses were awarded to men of the 42nd Division during the fighting at Krithia Vineyard. The British casualties in the first 24 hours of fighting, covering the original attacks of the 88th Brigade and the two brigades of the 42nd Division, were 3,469. The total British casualties for the duration of the battle were probably in excess of 4,000. The Ottoman casualties for the period of the battle were estimated to be around 7,000.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Battle of Krithia Vineyard (6–13 August 1915) was fought during the Gallipoli Campaign during the First World War. It was originally intended as a minor British action at Helles on the Gallipoli peninsula to divert attention from the imminent launch of the August Offensive, but instead, the British commander, Brigadier General H.E. Street, mounted a futile and bloody series of attacks that in the end gained a small patch of ground known as "The Vineyard". The original commander of the British VIII Corps at Helles, Lieutenant General Aylmer Hunter-Weston, had departed the peninsula in July, following the last Helles offensive—the Battle of Gully Ravine.
⇒「クリチアぶどう園の戦い」（1915年8月6－13日）は、第一次世界大戦における「ガリポリ野戦」中に戦われた。当初は、ガリポリ半島のヘレスで英国軍が軽度の戦闘行動で「8月攻勢」の差し迫った発動から注意をそらすことを意図していたが、英国軍司令官H.E.ストリート准将が、それを越えて無益な血まみれの攻撃を仕かけ、最終的には「ぶどう園」として知られる地面の小さな地面を獲得した。ヘレスの英国軍第VIII軍団の当初の司令官アイルマー・ハンター-ウェストン中将は7月に半島を出て、最後のヘレスの攻勢―「ガリー渓谷の戦い」へと続いていた。

＞His replacement, Lieutenant General Francis Davies, arrived in early August but had not yet assumed command of the corps when a series of diversions were due to be launched from Anzac and Helles to divert Ottoman attention from the planned landing at Suvla and the break out from Anzac. Consequently, the Helles diversion was planned and conducted by the VIII Corps' chief of staff, Brigadier General H.E. Street, who proved himself an able student of Hunter-Weston's battle strategy. Due to the shortage of artillery, the attack was split into two parts with the 88th Brigade of the 29th Division attacking on the afternoon of 6 August while two brigades of the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division would attack the following day. They were facing four Ottoman divisions, three of which were fresh, while there were two more divisions in reserve.
⇒彼に代わる交代要員のフランシス・デイビス中将は8月上旬に到着したが、スブラへの上陸とアンザックからの出陣からオスマン軍の注意をそらすために、アンザックとヘレスからの開戦のための一連の計画変更がなされたので、まだ軍団の指揮を引き受けていなかった。その結果、第VIII軍団の参謀長である准将H.E.ストリートの計画と監督によるヘレス転換は、戦闘戦略に関するハンター・ウェストンの有能な慧眼ぶりが証明された。砲兵不足のため、攻撃が2つの部分に分けられ、第8師団の第88旅団が8月6日の午後に攻撃し、第42（東ランカシャー）師団の2個旅団が翌日攻撃することとなった。彼らはオスマン軍の4個師団に直面したが、そのうち3個は新設軍で、ほかに2個の予備師団があった。

＞The 88th Brigade's attack managed to capture some Ottoman trenches, which were recaptured by the Ottoman 30th Regiment during a counter-attack. The British attacked again and once more captured some trenches, but the Ottomans counter-attacked again and drove them out. The British failed to hold any ground and the 88th Brigade was effectively destroyed as a fighting force. At around 9:40 am on the morning of 7 August the 42nd Division attacked on the right of the 88th Brigade's sector. The 127th Brigade managed to break through the line held by the Ottoman 13th Division, but were forced back by an Ottoman counter-attack.
⇒第88旅団の攻撃で、オスマン帝国軍の第30連隊が反撃中に奪還したいくつかのオスマン軍塹壕を何とか攻略した。英国軍は再び攻撃し、さらにいくつかの塹壕を攻略したが、オスマン軍が再反撃して英国軍を追い出した。英国軍はいかなる地面も保持できず、第88旅団は事実上戦闘軍として破壊された。8月7日朝の午前9時40分頃、第42師団は第88旅団の地区の右側を攻撃した。第127旅団はオスマン軍第13師団の戦線を（一旦）突破することができたが、オスマン軍の反撃を食らって強制的に戻された。

＞The Ottomans counter-attacked repeatedly from 7 August to 9 August and the fighting in the area continued until 13 August when it finally subsided. Afterwards, this sector of the Helles front would remain one of the busiest and most violent for the remainder of the campaign. Two Victoria Crosses were awarded to men of the 42nd Division during the fighting at Krithia Vineyard. The British casualties in the first 24 hours of fighting, covering the original attacks of the 88th Brigade and the two brigades of the 42nd Division, were 3,469. The total British casualties for the duration of the battle were probably in excess of 4,000. The Ottoman casualties for the period of the battle were estimated to be around 7,000.
⇒オスマン軍は8月7日から8月9日まで繰り返し反撃し、この地域での戦闘は8月13日まで続いて最終的には沈静化した。その後、ヘレス戦線のこの地区は、野戦の残りの期間で最も忙しく、最も暴力的なものの1つであり続けたものと見られる。クリチアぶどう園での戦闘中に、2つのビクトリア十字章が第42師団の兵士に授与された。戦闘の最初の24時間における第88旅団と第42師団の2個旅団の最初の攻撃をカバーした英国軍の犠牲者は3,469人であった。戦闘中の英国軍の犠牲者の合計は、おそらく4,000人を超えていた。戦闘期間中のオスマン軍の犠牲者は約7,000人と推定された。

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