German Attack on Villers-Bretonneux: The Last Stand of Operation Michael

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  • On 30 March, the Germans launched an attack near Le Hamel, resulting in gains around Hangard Wood.
  • The French First Army counter-attacked and regained much of the lost ground.
  • The Australians and British held the line, with the Australians successfully pushing back the Germans and preventing the fall of Villers-Bretonneux.
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On 30 March the Germans attacked around Le Hamel and although this was turned back, they succeeded in making gains around Hangard Wood. Five days later, the Germans renewed their drive towards Villers-Bretonneux. Part of the German attack fell on the centre and left of the French First Army. The French line fell back, but a counter-attack regained much of the ground. From north to south the line was held by British and Australian troops of the 14th (Light) Division, the 35th Australian Battalion and the 18th (Eastern) Division. By 4 April the 14th (Light) Division, around Le Hamel, had fallen back under attack from the German 228th Division. The Australians held off the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division and the 18th Division repulsed the German Guards Ersatz Division and 19th Division. The British were forced to retire by the retreat of the 14th (Light) Division, where the 41st Brigade had been pushed back for 500 yards (460 m) "in some disorder" and then retired to a ridge another 3,000 yards (2,700 m) back, which left the right flank of the 42nd Brigade uncovered. The line west of Le Hamel was reinforced by the arrival of the 15th Australian Brigade. In the afternoon, the Germans resumed their efforts and pushed the 18th Division in the south, at which point Villers-Bretonneux appeared ready to fall. The Germans came within 440 yards (400 m) of the town but Colonel Goddard of the 35th Australian Battalion, in command of the sector, ordered a surprise late afternoon counter-attack on 4 April, by the 36th Australian Battalion with c. 1000 men, supported by a company from the 35th Australian Battalion and his reserve, the 6th Battalion London Regiment. Advancing by section rushes, they pushed the Germans back towards Monument Wood and then north of Lancer Wood and forced two German divisions to retreat from Villers-Bretonneux. Flanking movements by British cavalry and Australian infantry from the 33rd and 34th Battalions helped consolidate the British gains. Further fighting around the village took place later in the month during the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. The attack on Villers-Bretonneux was the last significant German attack of Operation Michael (known to the British as the First Battle of the Somme, 1918). After the failure of the German forces to achieve their objectives, Ludendorff ended the offensive to avoid a battle of attrition. The 9th Australian Brigade had 665 casualties from c. 2,250 men engaged. German casualties were not known but there were 498 losses in two of the regiments engaged. The 9th Australian Brigade recorded 4,000 dead German soldiers on their front and the 18th Division had "severe" losses and took 259 prisoners from the 9th Bavarian Reserve, Guards Ersatz and 19th divisions.

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>On 30 March the Germans attacked around Le Hamel and although this was turned back, they succeeded in making gains around Hangard Wood. Five days later, the Germans renewed their drive towards Villers-Bretonneux. Part of the German attack fell on the centre and left of the French First Army. The French line fell back, but a counter-attack regained much of the ground. From north to south the line was held by British and Australian troops of the 14th (Light) Division, the 35th Australian Battalion and the 18th (Eastern) Division. ⇒ドイツ軍がル・ハーメルを攻撃した3月30日、それは追い返されたが、ハワード・ウッド周辺では利得を上げることに成功した。5日後、ドイツ軍はヴィレ=ブルトヌー方面への追い込みを再開した。ドイツ軍攻撃隊の一部は、フランス第1方面軍の中央と左翼に当たった。フランス軍戦線は後退したが、反撃によって地面の多くを回復した。戦線は北から南まで、第14(軽)師団の英国軍とオーストラリア軍、第35オーストラリア大隊および第18(東部)師団によって保持されていた。 >By 4 April the 14th (Light) Division, around Le Hamel, had fallen back under attack from the German 228th Division. The Australians held off the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division and the 18th Division repulsed the German Guards Ersatz Division and 19th Division. The British were forced to retire by the retreat of the 14th (Light) Division, where the 41st Brigade had been pushed back for 500 yards (460 m) "in some disorder" and then retired to a ridge another 3,000 yards (2,700 m) back, which left the right flank of the 42nd Brigade uncovered. ⇒ル・ハメル周辺の第14(軽)師団は、ドイツ軍第228師団の攻撃に晒されて4月4日までに退却した。オーストラリア軍は第9バイエルン予備師団を食い止め、第18師団はドイツ軍の護衛エルサッツ師団と第19師団を撃退した。英国軍は、第14(軽)師団の退去によって撤退を余儀なくされた。師団のうち、第41旅団が「何らかの障害」で500ヤード(460m)押し戻された後、尾根に3000ヤード(2,700m)後退した。その結果、第42旅団の右側面は、援護のない、むき出しの状態になった。 >The line west of Le Hamel was reinforced by the arrival of the 15th Australian Brigade. In the afternoon, the Germans resumed their efforts and pushed the 18th Division in the south, at which point Villers-Bretonneux appeared ready to fall. The Germans came within 440 yards (400 m) of the town but Colonel Goddard of the 35th Australian Battalion, in command of the sector, ordered a surprise late afternoon counter-attack on 4 April, by the 36th Australian Battalion with c. 1000 men, supported by a company from the 35th Australian Battalion and his reserve, the 6th Battalion London Regiment. ⇒ル・ハーメルの西側面は、第15オーストラリア旅団の到着で強化された。午後には、ドイツ兵らが奮戦を再開し、第18師団を南へ押しやった。その時点で、ヴィレ=ブルトヌーは陥落しそうに見えた。ドイツ兵は町の440ヤード(400m)以内に来たが、第35オーストラリア大隊のコルデル・ゴダード大佐は、地区の統括指揮を受け持って、4月4日に午後遅くに第36オーストラリア大隊の兵士1000人によって反撃を行うこと、それを第35回オーストラリア大隊とその予備軍である第6大隊ロンドン連隊が支援することを命じた。 >Advancing by section rushes, they pushed the Germans back towards Monument Wood and then north of Lancer Wood and forced two German divisions to retreat from Villers-Bretonneux. Flanking movements by British cavalry and Australian infantry from the 33rd and 34th Battalions helped consolidate the British gains. Further fighting around the village took place later in the month during the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. The attack on Villers-Bretonneux was the last significant German attack of Operation Michael (known to the British as the First Battle of the Somme, 1918). ⇒彼らは、地区への襲撃によって進軍し、ドイツ軍をモニュメント・ウッドに押し戻し、それからランサー・ウッドの北側に押し戻して、ドイツ軍の2個師団をヴィレ=ブルトヌーから退去させた。第33、第34大隊からの英国軍騎兵隊とオーストラリア軍歩兵隊による側面隊の動きが、英国軍の利益を強化するのに役立った。村周辺でのさらなる戦闘が、月末に「第2次ヴィレ=ブルトヌーの戦い」で行われた。ヴィレ=ブルトヌーに対する攻撃は、「マイケル作戦行動」(1918年の「第1次ソンムの戦い」として英国軍に知られている)の最後の重要なドイツ攻撃であった。 >After the failure of the German forces to achieve their objectives, Ludendorff ended the offensive to avoid a battle of attrition. The 9th Australian Brigade had 665 casualties from c. 2,250 men engaged. German casualties were not known but there were 498 losses in two of the regiments engaged. The 9th Australian Brigade recorded 4,000 dead German soldiers on their front and the 18th Division had "severe" losses and took 259 prisoners from the 9th Bavarian Reserve, Guards Ersatz and 19th divisions. ⇒ドイツ軍が目標達成に失敗した後、ルーデンドルフは消耗敗退戦を回避するために攻撃を終了した。第9オーストラリア旅団では、交戦した約2,250人の兵士のうち665人の死傷者があった。ドイツ軍の死傷者は知られていないが、関与した2個連隊のうちでは498人の損失があった。第9オーストラリア軍団は、前線で死亡したドイツ軍兵士を4,000人と記録し、第18師団は「甚大な」損失を受けたが、第9バイエルン予備師団、護衛エルサッツ師団、第19師団から259人の囚人を捕縛した。

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    The Battle of the Avre (4–5 April 1918), part of the First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, constituted the final German attack towards Amiens in World War I. It was the point at which the Germans got the closest to Amiens. It was fought between attacking German troops and defending Australian and British troops. The attack was an attempt to take Amiens, where other aspects of Operation Michael had failed. The Avre marked the beginning of the end for Ludendorf's March Offensive.Preliminary moves (29–30 March) across the southern battlefields by German 2nd Army proved so slow and difficult that offensive operations were suspended between 1–3 April to allow German forces to recover. 4 April The final German attack was eventually launched towards Amiens. It came on 4 April, when fifteen divisions attacked seven Allied divisions on a line east of Amiens and north of Albert (towards the Avre River). Ludendorff decided to attack the outermost eastern defenses of Amiens centred on the town of Villers-Bretonneux. His aim was to secure that town and the surrounding high ground from which artillery bombardments could systematically destroy Amiens and render it useless to the Allies. The subsequent fighting was remarkable on two counts: the first use of tanks simultaneously by both sides in the war; and the night-time counterattack hastily organized by the Australian and British units (including the exhausted 54th Brigade) which dramatically re-captured Villers -Bretonneux and halted the German onslaught. From north to south, the line was held by British and Australian troops, specifically the British 14th and 18th Divisions, and the 35th Australian Battalion. However, by 4 April the 14th Division fell back under attack from the German 228th Division. The Australians held off the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division and the British 18th Division held off the German Guards Ersatz Division and 19th Divisions First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. 5 April An attempt by the Germans to renew the offensive on 5 April failed and by early morning British Empire troops had forced the enemy out of all but the south-eastern corner of the town. German progress towards Amiens, having reached its furthest point westward, had finally been held. Ludendorff called a halt to the offensive.

  • 以下の英文を訳して下さい。

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