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質問

Artillery support was available but since German positions were unknown and to avoid alerting the Germans, there was no preparatory barrage to soften up the German positions. Instead the artillery would bombard the town for the hour once the attack began and then move its line of fire back beyond the line held by the Allies before the German attack.
The attack took place on the night of 24/25 April, after a postponement from 8:00 p.m. Glasgow argued that it would still be light, with terrible consequences for his men and that the operation should start at 10:00 p.m. and "zero hour" was eventually set for 10:00 p.m. The operation began with German machine gun crews causing many Australian casualties. A number of charges against machine-gun posts helped the Australian advance; in particular, Lieutenant Clifford Sadlier of the 51st Battalion, was awarded the Victoria Cross, after attacking with hand-grenades. The two brigades swept around Villers-Bretonneux and the Germans retreated, for a while escaping the pocket along a railway cutting. The Australians eventually captured the German positions and pushed the German line back, leaving the German troops in Villers-Bretonneux surrounded. The British units attacked frontally and suffered many casualties. By 25 April, the town had been recaptured and handed back to the villagers. The battle was a great success for the Australian troops, who had defeated the German attempt to capture Amiens and recaptured Villers-Bretonneux while outnumbered; the village remained in Allied hands to the end of the war. Fighting continued in Villers-Bretonneux and the vicinity for months after the counter-attack. The Australians spent Anzac Day in hand-to-hand fighting and the town was not secured until 27 April. On 26 April a French Moroccan Division attack on Hangard Wood, south of the village, was a costly failure and on 3 May an attack by the Australian 12th Brigade towards Monument Wood south-east of Villers-Bretonneux failed, with the 48th Australian Battalion, losing over 150 men to the Jäger. The German offensive in the Australian sector ended in late April. As the Germans turned their attention to the French sectors in May and June, a lull occurred on the Somme, during which the Australians exploited their success at Villers-Bretonneux by conducting "peaceful penetration" operations, that slowly advanced the front eastwards.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Artillery support was available but since German positions were unknown and to avoid alerting the Germans, there was no preparatory barrage to soften up the German positions. Instead the artillery would bombard the town for the hour once the attack began and then move its line of fire back beyond the line held by the Allies before the German attack.
⇒砲兵支援を利用することは可能であったが、ドイツ軍の陣地が不明であることとドイツ軍に警告を与えることになるのを避けるために、ドイツ軍陣地を弱めるための準備砲撃は行わなかった。砲兵隊は、その代り、一旦攻撃を始めたら1時間かけて町を砲撃し、その後のドイツ軍への（歩兵）攻撃に先立って、砲撃の戦線を連合国軍が保有する戦線を越えて（前方へ）動かすことになった。

＞The attack took place on the night of 24/25 April, after a postponement from 8:00 p.m. Glasgow argued that it would still be light, with terrible consequences for his men and that the operation should start at 10:00 p.m. and "zero hour" was eventually set for 10:00 p.m. The operation began with German machine gun crews causing many Australian casualties. A number of charges against machine-gun posts helped the Australian advance; in particular, Lieutenant Clifford Sadlier of the 51st Battalion, was awarded the Victoria Cross, after attacking with hand-grenades. The two brigades swept around Villers-Bretonneux and the Germans retreated, for a while escaping the pocket along a railway cutting.
⇒この攻撃は、4月24/25日午後8時から延期した後の夜間に行われた。グラスゴーがまだ明るいとしているうちに配下の兵士にひどい結果をもたらしてしまったので、作戦行動は午後10時に開始することと主張した。結局、「開始時間」は午後10時に設定された。この作戦行動は、ドイツ軍の機関銃組がオーストラリア軍に犠牲者を多く引き起こしたことから始まった。機関銃前哨基地に対する数々の攻撃がオーストラリア軍の進軍を助けた。特に第51大隊のクリフォード・サドリエ中尉は、手榴弾で攻撃したことに因んで、ビクトリア十字章を受賞した。2個旅団がヴィレ＝ブルトヌー周辺を掃討したので、ドイツ軍はしばらくの間鉄道切断部の窪地に逃れた。

＞The Australians eventually captured the German positions and pushed the German line back, leaving the German troops in Villers-Bretonneux surrounded. The British units attacked frontally and suffered many casualties. By 25 April, the town had been recaptured and handed back to the villagers. The battle was a great success for the Australian troops, who had defeated the German attempt to capture Amiens and recaptured Villers-Bretonneux while outnumbered; the village remained in Allied hands to the end of the war. Fighting continued in Villers-Bretonneux and the vicinity for months after the counter-attack.
⇒オーストラリア軍は最終的にドイツ軍の陣地を獲得し、ドイツ軍戦線を押し戻し、ドイツ軍をヴィレ＝ブルトヌーに包囲した。英国軍部隊は正面から攻撃して、多くの犠牲者を被った。4月25日までに町は奪還されて、村人に返還された。戦闘は、アミアンを攻略しようとするドイツ軍の企てを打ち負かし、数的優位の敵の手からにもかかわらず、ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーを取り戻したオーストラリア軍の大成功であった。村は戦争の終わりまで連合国軍の手に留まった。反撃の後数ヵ月間、ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーとその周辺で戦闘が続けられた。

＞The Australians spent Anzac Day* in hand-to-hand fighting and the town was not secured until 27 April. On 26 April a French Moroccan Division attack on Hangard Wood, south of the village, was a costly failure and on 3 May an attack by the Australian 12th Brigade towards Monument Wood south-east of Villers-Bretonneux failed, with the 48th Australian Battalion, losing over 150 men to the Jäger. The German offensive in the Australian sector ended in late April. As the Germans turned their attention to the French sectors in May and June, a lull occurred on the Somme, during which the Australians exploited their success at Villers-Bretonneux by conducting "peaceful penetration" operations, that slowly advanced the front eastwards.
⇒オーストラリア軍は、「アンザック記念日」*を肉弾戦で過ごして、町は4月27日まで確保されなかった。4月26日、村の南にあるハンガード・ウッドへのフランス軍モロッコ部隊の攻撃は高くついた失敗だったし、5月3日、ヴィエルス・ブレトンヌーの南東にあるモニュメント・ウッドへのオーストラリア第12旅団の攻撃も失敗し、オーストラリア軍第48大隊の150人以上の兵がイェーガー隊（狙撃班）によって失われた。オーストラリア軍部隊へのドイツ軍の攻撃は4月下旬に終了した。ドイツ軍が5月と6月にフランス軍部隊に注目を向けたので、ソンムでは低迷が起こった。その間に、オーストラリア軍はヴィレ＝ブルトヌーで「平和的な浸透」作戦行動を遂行したことで成功を利用して、徐々に前線を東方へ進めた。
＊Anzac Day「アンザック記念日」：第一次世界大戦中の1915年4月25日、アンザック軍団のガリポリ半島上陸を記念する日。

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