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  • 第5地区（コロネルカラン）は、1つの地方大隊と145歩兵連隊の補給部隊からなるコンパニー・ド・マルシュ（臨時会社）によって守られていました。
  • 1914年8月7日、フルニエは戦争大臣アドルフ・メシミーにムベージュの防衛の悲惨な状態を警告し、翌日解雇されました。
  • フルニエは復職されましたが、市民と守備隊の信頼は揺らぎました。
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英文を日本語訳して下さい。

The 5th Sector (Colonel Callan) from Héronfontaine to the Mons railway was defended by one Territorial battalion and a Compagnie de Marche (improvised company) from the 145th Infantry Regiment depot which, also provided a Battaillon de Marche to garrison Maubeuge. On 7 August 1914, Fournier had warned the Minister of War Adolphe Messimy of the lamentable state of the Mubeuge defences and was sacked the next day before General Paul Pau from Grand Quartier Général (GQG, general headquarters) with General George Desaleux and an engineer colonel, had been able to report on the situation. Pau vindicated Fournier, who was reinstated but the confidence of the civilians and the garrison was affected. After enjoying a trade boom created by the arrival of army reservists, the morale of civilians in Maubeuge slumped further when they heard of German atrocities from Belgian refugees. On 15 August, gunfire was heard from the Meuse valley to the east and that evening news of the Battle of Dinant (15–24 August) was followed by reports of a counter-attack by the French 1st Army Corps. On 12 August, Field Marshal Lord Kitchener had predicted a German offensive through Belgium but sent the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) to Maubeuge as planned. The BEF landed in France from 14–17 August and assembled from Maubeuge to Le Cateau by 20 August. Dawn broke misty on 21 August and no air reconnaissance was possible until the afternoon. The BEF began to advance northwards from Maubeuge towards Mons, despite reports from aircrew that a column of German troops "stretched through Louvain as far as the eye could see". At Maubeuge, news arrived of the fall of most of the Fortified Position of Namur in Belgium and placards put up on the town walls ordering preparations for a siege began an exodus of 25,000 civilians. British aircraft arrived on 22 August and the passage of a Scottish regiment raised civilian morale briefly, only to be dashed by reports that German troops had crossed the Sambre at Charleroi. From 17 August, Maubeuge came under the command of General Charles Lanrezac, commander of the Fifth Army and at the Battle of Charleroi (21–23 August) the Fifth Army and the BEF were defeated and forced to retreat. The ministerial instructions of 1910 had envisaged that Maubeuge might stand a short siege while covering the concentration of the field armies, not indefinite isolation after a retreat by the field armies. Lanrezac considered adding the regular and reserve regiments to the Fifth Army but rejected the idea. The Maubeuge garrison cut the rail lines and engineer detachments blew the rail bridges at Jeumont, Berliaumont and Fourmies towards the Belgian frontier.

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回答No.2

＞The 5th Sector (Colonel Callan) ～ and the garrison was affected. ⇒ヘロンフォンテーヌからモンス鉄道までの第5地区（カラン大佐）は、第145歩兵連隊兵站部基地から来た国防義勇軍1個大隊とマルシェ1個中隊（即成中隊）によって守られた。同基地はまた、モーブージュ守備隊にマルシェ1個大隊を供給した。1914年8月7日に、フルニエ（准将、防衛司令官）は、モーブージュ防衛の嘆かわしい状況について戦争大臣アドルフ・メシミに警告してその翌日、グラン・カルチェ総司令部（GQG、総本部）からジョージ・デサリュー将軍とともにやって来たポール・ポー将軍の前で解任された*。そして、ある工兵大佐が状況を報告することがでることになった。ポーは、フルニエ（の正当性）を立証したので、フルニエは復職したが、民間人と守備隊の信頼が影響を受けた。 ※構文の解釈がむずかしいです。誤訳の節はどうぞ悪しからず。 ＞After enjoying a trade boom ～ Le Cateau by 20 August. ⇒方面軍予備隊の到着によって出現した交換ブームを楽しんだ後、ベルギー難民からドイツ軍の残虐行為を聞いたモーブージュ民間人の士気はさらに落ち込んだ。8月15日、ミューズ渓谷東から銃声が聞こえ、「ディナンの戦い」のイブニングニュース（8月15－24日）に続いて、フランス第1方面軍団による反撃の報告があった。8月12日、元帥キッチナー卿はドイツ軍のベルギー攻勢を予測していたが、計画どおり英国遠征軍（BEF）をモーブージュに派遣した。BEFは8月14－17日にフランスに上陸し、8月20日までにモーブージュからル・カトーに集結した。 ＞Dawn broke misty on 21 August ～ crossed the Sambre at Charleroi. ⇒8月21日の夜明けには霧が発生し、午後まで空中偵察は不可能だった。BEFは、ドイツ軍の縦隊が「目視できる限りではルーヴァンを通り抜けた」という（偵察機）乗組員からの報告にもかかわらず、モーブージュから北のモンスに向けて進み始めた。モーブージュでは、ベルギーのナミュール要塞の大部分が崩壊したというニュースが届き、包囲に備える準備を命じる町の壁に掲げられたプラカードで25,000人の民間人が脱出を始めた。英国軍の航空機が8月22日に到着し、スコットランド連隊の移動により民間の士気が一時的に上昇したが、ドイツ軍がシャルルロアでサンブルを越えたという報告によってそれも打ち砕かれた。 ＞From 17 August, Maubeuge ～ towards the Belgian frontier. ⇒8月17日から、モーブージュは第5方面軍の指揮官シャルル・ランレザック将軍の指揮下に入り、「シャルルロアの戦い」（8月21－23日）で第5方面軍とBEFは敗北し、退却を余儀なくされた。1910年の政府指示では、モーブージュは、野戦方面軍が撤退した後で漫然と孤立するのではなく、短い包囲戦なら野戦方面軍の集中を援護しながら持ちこたえることができるかもしれない、と予測していた。ランレザックは、第5方面軍に正規軍と予備軍の連隊を追加することを検討してみたが、その考えを拒否した。モーブージュ守備隊が線路を切断し、工兵の分遣隊がベルギー国境へ向かって進みながらジュモン、ベリオーモン、フルミーの鉄道橋を吹き飛ばしたのである。

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回答No.1

ヘロンフォンテーヌからモンズ鉄道までの第5師団(カラン大佐)は,145年にマーチから軍艦隊と軍艦隊に派遣された。 1914年8月7日,FournierはWar Adolpha Messimy大臣にムーブジェの嘆かわしい状況について警告し,Grand Quartier G Gのポール·ポーより前日に解雇された。 ポウは復権したが,市民と守備隊の信頼が損なわれたと誓った。 軍隊予備隊の到着によって生じた貿易ブームを享受した後,ベルギー難民のドイツ人残虐行為を知ったマウブージュの民間人の士気はさらに落ち込んだ。 8月15日,メーズ渓谷から東へ銃声が聞こえ,その夜,ドインディアン戦いのニュース(8月15日~24日)に続いて,フランス第1軍による反撃の報告があった。 8月12日,フィールド·マーシャルのキッチェナー卿はベルギー経由のドイツ軍の攻撃を予言したが,計画通りイギリス軍(BEF)をマウエンジュに派遣した。 BEFは8月14日から17日までフランスに着陸し,8月20日までにマウキュウからル·カトーまで組み立てた。 8月21日,夜明けは霧に包まれ,午後まで偵察は不可能だった。 ドイツ軍の隊列がルバンに"見えるところまで伸びている"というエアリューからの報道にもかかわらず,BEFはマウチュウからモンズに向けて北上し始めた。 マウブゲでは,ベルギーのナムール要塞のほとんどが崩壊したというニュースが伝わり,2万5000人の民間人が避難し始めた。 英国の航空機が8月22日に到着し,スコットランド政府軍の通過で市民の士気が一時的に高まったが,ドイツ軍がチャレロイのサンブルを通過したとの報道に打たれた。 8月17日から,5軍司令官であるチャールズ·ランレザック将軍の指揮下にあり,5軍とBEFが敗訴した。 1910年の閣僚指示では,マウキュウリは陸軍撤退後の無期限の隔離ではなく,陸軍の集中をカバーしながら,短い包囲攻撃に耐えられるかもしれないと想定していた。 ランレザックは第5軍に正規軍と予備軍の追加を検討したが,その考えを否定した。 マウチュウ戦士は鉄道線路を切断し,技術者の引き離しにより,ジュモン,ベルリアモン,そして4マイルの線路橋をベルギー国境に向けて吹き付けた。 間違えているかもしれませんがすみません。

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