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質問

The United States, having refused in the Senate to assume a League of Nations mandate over Armenia, decided to not participate in the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The U.S. wanted a permanent peace as quickly as possible, with financial compensation for its military expenditure. However, after the American Senate rejected the Armenian mandate, its only hope was its inclusion in the treaty by the influential Greek prime minister, Eleftherios Venizelos. The treaty imposed a number of territorial losses on Turkey. It also had a number of provisions which applied to the territory, recognised as belonging to Turkey.
Financial restrictions
The Allies were to control the Empire's finances. The financial control extended to the approval or supervision of the national budget, financial laws and regulations, and total control over the Ottoman Bank. The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (instituted in 1881) was redesigned to include only British, French and Italian bond holders. The Ottoman debt problem dated back to the time of the Crimean War (1854–56), during which the Ottoman Empire had borrowed money from abroad, mainly from France. Also the capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, which had been abolished in 1914 by Talaat Pasha, were restored.
The Empire was required to grant freedom of transit to persons, goods, vessels, etc., passing through her territory, and goods in transit were to be free of all customs duties. Future developments of the tax system, the customs system, internal or external loans, import and export duties, or concessions could not be arranged without the consent of the financial commission of the Allied Powers. To forestall the economic re-penetration of Germany, Austria, Hungary, or Bulgaria the treaty demanded that the Empire liquidate the property of citizens of those countries in its territories. This public liquidation was to be turned over to the Reparations Commission. Property rights of the Baghdad Railway passed out of German control.
Military restrictions
The Ottoman Army was to be restricted to 50,700 men; the Ottoman Navy could only preserve seven sloops and six torpedo boats; and the Ottoman State was prohibited from obtaining an air force. The treaty included an inter-allied commission of control and organisation to supervise the execution of the military clauses.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The United States, having refused in the Senate to assume a League of Nations mandate over Armenia, decided to not participate in the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The U.S. wanted a permanent peace as quickly as possible, with financial compensation for its military expenditure. However, after the American Senate rejected the Armenian mandate, its only hope was its inclusion in the treaty by the influential Greek prime minister, Eleftherios Venizelos. The treaty imposed a number of territorial losses on Turkey. It also had a number of provisions which applied to the territory, recognised as belonging to Turkey.
⇒アルメニアに関して国際連盟の任務を引き受けることを上院で拒否した米国は、オスマン帝国の分割に参加しないことを決意した。米国は軍事支出した分の財政的補償を得て、できるだけ早い恒久平和を望んでいた。しかし、米国上院がアルメニアの委任統治を拒否した後、その唯一の希望は、影響力のあるギリシャ首相、エレフテリオス・ヴェニゼロスによる条約への参画だった。この条約は、トルコにいくつかの領土放棄を課した。また、トルコに属すると認められている領土に適用されるいくつかの規定があった。

＞Financial restrictions
　The Allies were to control the Empire's finances. The financial control extended to the approval or supervision of the national budget, financial laws and regulations, and total control over the Ottoman Bank. The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (instituted in 1881) was redesigned to include only British, French and Italian bond holders. The Ottoman debt problem dated back to the time of the Crimean War (1854–56), during which the Ottoman Empire had borrowed money from abroad, mainly from France. Also the capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, which had been abolished in 1914 by Talaat Pasha, were restored.
⇒財務上の制限
　帝国の財政は連合国が支配するものとした。財務管理は、国家予算、金融法、規制、およびオスマン国銀行の完全統制などの承認または監督にまで及んだ。オスマンの公的債務管理（1881年制定）は、英国、フランス、イタリアの債券保有国だけを含むように設定が作り直された。オスマン国の債務問題は「クリミア戦争」（1854‐56年）時代からであり、その間も、オスマン帝国がフランスを中心に海外から資金を借りていたのである。また、1914年タラート・パシャによって廃止されたオスマン帝国の協定も復活した。

＞The Empire was required to grant freedom of transit to persons, goods, vessels, etc., passing through her territory, and goods in transit were to be free of all customs duties. Future developments of the tax system, the customs system, internal or external loans, import and export duties, or concessions could not be arranged without the consent of the financial commission of the Allied Powers. To forestall the economic re-penetration of Germany, Austria, Hungary, or Bulgaria the treaty demanded that the Empire liquidate the property of citizens of those countries in its territories. This public liquidation was to be turned over to the Reparations Commission. Property rights of the Baghdad Railway passed out of German control.
⇒帝国は、自国内の領土を通過する人、物資、船舶などに対する通過の自由を認め、輸送中の物品についてすべての関税の免除を要求された。税制、税関制度、内外の貸付、輸出入の関税、譲渡の将来の動向については、連合国の財務委員会の同意がなければ手配できなくなった。ドイツ、オーストリア、ハンガリー、ブルガリアとの経済的再浸出入を未然に防ぐため、条約は帝国が領土内の国民の財産を清算するよう要求した。この公開清算は、「償還委員会」に引き渡された。バグダッド鉄道の財産権はドイツの支配権から離れた。

＞Military restrictions
　The Ottoman Army was to be restricted to 50,700 men; the Ottoman Navy could only preserve seven sloops and six torpedo boats; and the Ottoman State was prohibited from obtaining an air force. The treaty included an inter-allied commission of control and organisation to supervise the execution of the military clauses.
⇒軍の制限
　オスマン方面軍の兵員は50,700人に制限された。オスマン帝国海軍はスループ船（１本マストの帆船）7隻、魚雷艇6隻のみを保持できるものとされた。オスマン国は空軍力を獲得することが禁じられた。この条約には、軍事条項の執行を監督するための統制・組織を管轄する「連合国間委員会」（の権限）が含まれていた。

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