Three Important Structures in Congress
- Understand the three important structures that shape the functioning of each chamber in Congress: the leadership structure, the committee structure, and the structure of log-rolling and vote-trading.
- Learn how these structures contribute to the decision-making process and the passage of legislation in Congress.
- Discover the significance of the balance of power between the two chambers and the roles played by different individuals and committees.
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英文についての質問
What are the three important structures that shape the functioning of each chamber in Congress? このような問題文があり、答えになりそうな箇所を探したのですが、 This chapter considers how Congress is structured, both in its division into two equal chambers that must agree with each other to pass legislation, and within each chamber, where three particular structures shape the functioning of each chamber: the leadership structure, the committee structure, and the structure of log-rolling and vote-trading. つまり the leadership structure, the committee structure and the structure of log-rolling and vote-trading. が回答でしょうか？ 全然違う内容であれば指摘して欲しいです。 よろしくお願いします。
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つまり the leadership structure, the committee structure and the structure of log-rolling and vote-trading. が回答でしょうか？ はい、僕は米国政治機構の専門家ではありませんが、そんな気がします。
関連するQ&A
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What is the structure of the federal judiciary? という問題があるのですが Article III of the Constitution specifies “[t]he judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish” Congress has established such courts from time to time, and collectively they are known as the federal court system, which consist of three levels. そのあとに、U.S. District Courts→U.S. Circuit Courts→At the top is one Supreme Courtとあるのですが、 この上の３つの裁判所は、質問に対する答えになるでしょうか？
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- 英文質問 その１
When designing Congress, what kind of representation did the small states want? What kind did the big states want? という質問に対して該当する文章を探しています。 自分でもいらないと思う箇所は切って、だいぶ短くしたつもりですが、それでもかなり長いので質問を分けさせていただきました。 （その２では同じ質問に対して他の文章を引用しています。だいぶ英文が長くなりそうだったので２つに分けさせていただきました。ややこしくてすみません。） But defining the structure of Congress was by far the bitterest fight in the Convention, pitting the large states against the small, and bringing them almost to the point of breaking up. The Confederation Congress was unicameral and each state had an equal vote. The Virginia Plan proposed to create a bicameral legislature, and to eliminate equal representation of states by giving each a number of representatives proportional to their population. Madison believed that the states’ obsession with their own local interests were the cause of the union’s problems, and believed that the new government had to represent the people of the United States to limit the bad influence of the states. ＜しかしsmall stateはアメリカの４大州だけで人口の大部分を占めていることを指摘した。＞ In response a large state delegate noted that there were more small than large states, so if they stuck with equal representation the small ones could oppress the larger. ＊＊ ＜＞内は自分で訳せたので英文を省きました。 ・つまりバージニア計画では2つの立法府を創設し、それぞれに人口に比例した多数の代表者を与えることによって、州の平等な代表をなくす、という計画だったが、small stateはそれに反対した。 big(large) stateとは人口数がかなり異なるため。 in response以降なのですが、「それに答えて（対抗して）large stateは～」ということだと思うのですが、 ここではどういうことが言われているのでしょうか？ ・自分の要約があっているか ・in response以降を簡単で結構ですので訳して欲しいです。 よろしくお願いします。
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At the Battle of Mons the BEF had some 80,000 men, comprising the Cavalry Division, an independent cavalry brigade and two corps, each with two infantry divisions. I Corps was commanded by Sir Douglas Haig and was composed of the 1st and 2nd Divisions. II Corps was commanded by Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien and consisted of the 3rd and 5th Divisions. Each division had 18,073 men and 5,592 horses, in three brigades of four battalions. Each division had twenty-four Vickers machine guns – two per battalion – and three field artillery brigades with fifty-four 18-pounder guns, one field howitzer brigade of eighteen 4.5-inch howitzers and a heavy artillery battery of four 60-pounder guns.
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- アメリカ選挙についての英文
How many electors does each state get in the presidential electoral college? と、このような問題があったのですが、「大統領選挙人団は各州から何人選ばれるか？」ということでしょうか？ ＊＊＊ ＜以下の回答はもしわかれば教えて欲しいです。＞ 回答をネットで調べたのですがいまいちよくわからず… その回答の選択肢が (1)Each state gets a number of electors equal to its number of Senators and Representatives in Congress. (2) Each states gets 2 electors. (3) Each state gets a number of electors as determined by its population. とあるのですが、答えは（１）だと思うのですが、あっているでしょうか？ よろしくお願いします。
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- 英文に関しての質問です
8. Did James Madison propose separation between Congress and President? という質問があります。 それに該当する部分を探しました。 But they did not want a king – with the likely exception of Alexander Hamilton – so Madison proposed a president instead. They avoided uniting powers in the same body of men by creating three distinct branches of government. The judiciary power was made independent of the others by giving federal judges a lifetime appointment and by prohibiting Congress from reducing their pay. Although they are nominated by the President, and have to be approved by the Senate, as soon as a person enters the federal judiciary, they are free from direct political influence (but they can be impeached and removed from office for misbehavior). ＊ Separating the presidency from the legislature was a little more complicated. The Virginia Plan proposed that the president be chosen by the legislature, but nothing more than that. It was not clear the executive would be separate from the legislature. 英文が長くて申し訳ないです。（＊は私がわかりやすくするために勝手に印をつけました。文章は特に省略などしていないです） ＊以降の文章にSeparating the presidency from the legislature とありますが、これは上の質問を同じことでしょうか？（presidentとcongress） ということは答えはYesでいいでしょう？
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- 英文の和訳お願いします。
今読んでいる英文の雑誌が難しすぎてわからない部分があるのでよろしくお願いします。 課題とかでは無いので、ニュアンスが理解できればいいです。 (1)The difference between the role of Congress in shaping the copyright system and the role of courts in applying the fair use defense is that Congress is constrained in its task only by the loose harness of the Constiution’s copyright clause and by its own sense of political expedience, while courts are constrained by the purposes and factors that Congress expressly laid down in section 107 and by the precedents that have given shape to section 107 and that will continue to define its reach over time. (2)Two examples will illustrate how, in resolving the problem of transaction costs, fair use doctrine aligns the “public good” with “the claims of individuals.” (3)In the first example, a motion picture producer wishes to produce a movie based on a copy-righted novel. 自分で調べた単語 ・Congress 議会 ・ copyright system 著作権法体系 ・fair use defense フェアユースの抗弁 ・section 107 １０７条 ・ transaction costs 取引費用
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今読んでいる英文の雑誌が難しすぎてわからない部分があるのでよろしくお願いします。 課題とかでは無いので、ニュアンスが理解できればいいです。 (1)The difference between the role of Congress in shaping the copyright system and the role of courts in applying the fair use defense is that Congress is constrained in its task only by the loose harness of the Constiution’s copyright clause and by its own sense of political expedience, while courts are constrained by the purposes and factors that Congress expressly laid down in section 107 and by the precedents that have given shape to section 107 and that will continue to define its reach over time. (2)Two examples will illustrate how, in resolving the problem of transaction costs, fair use doctrine aligns the “public good” with “the claims of individuals.” (3)In the first example, a motion picture producer wishes to produce a movie based on a copy-righted novel. 自分で調べた単語 ・Congress 議会 ・ copyright system 著作権法体系 ・fair use defense フェアユースの抗弁 ・section 107 １０７条 ・ transaction costs 取引費用
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- 英文質問 その２
When designing Congress, what kind of representation did the small states want? What kind did the big states want? という質問に対して該当する文章を探しています。 As the country developed a stronger sense of national identity after the Civil War, and as claims of corruption in the selection of Senators grew, the demand for direct election of Senators grew. This was finally achieved with the 17th amendment in 1913. A minority of people still argue that this amendment was a mistake, and that an important check on the federal government was lost when the state legislatures’ representation in Congress was eliminated. But even though the state legislatures are no longer directly represented in the Senate, each state still has equal representation, and are so are still represented as distinct political bodies: Wyoming’s less than 600,000 people and California’s 40 million people have the same voice. Some people argue that this is undemocratic, and see the Senate as illegitimate, while others see it as important to ensure the small states are not dominated by a handful of big states. こちらの文章の１段落目を参考にしたのですが、 質問に対して、small stateは州議会の議論を求めている。ということでいいでしょうか？ そして２段落目では、big stateはsmall stateが数の少ないbig stateを支配しないことを求めている。 ということでいいでしょうか？
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Give the ground-state electron configuration for each of the following elements.zinc Draw complete Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions and indicate formal charges. CO2 Draw a complete Lewis structure for each of the following compounds.Be sure to assign formal charges when they are appropriate. C2H3NO Predict the hybrid orbital that would be associated with the labeled atom in each of the following formulas. CH4 Draw an orbital picture of a carbonyl group. allene Propose structures for molecules that meet the following descriptions. Contains two sp2 hybridized carbons and two sp3 hybridized carbons Provide an explanation for each of the following observations. 英語のため意味不です。解答例若しくは解答への糸口を教えてください。
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- 英文についての質問
What kind of internal problems did the United States face after the war? という質問があるのですが、下記の情報をもとに答えを導き出しました。 （英文が長くてすみません）(( )) 後の文章から参考にしました。２段落目だけではわかりづらいと思ったので入れました。関係ないようでしたら、適当に飛ばしていただいて大丈夫です。 ((The intervention of the French with financial and material support tipped the balance and won the war, but as Hamilton had predicted, the Articles were unfit for maintaining the union in peacetime as well as war. The Confederation Congress had, despite its lack of authority to do so, borrowed money, particular from the French, to fight the way, but without the power to tax they could only beg the states to contribute to paying off the war debt, a burden the states preferred to shirk. )) Economic conflicts abounded. Each state coined its own money, hindering the efficiency of trade between them. States put tariffs on each other’s’ goods, further dampening the economic growth many looked for at war’s end. 質問に対する回答なのですが、 （各州は貿易を阻害したり、自国の資金を調達したりした。そのため戦争後は経済成長が鈍化した。） ⇨ Each state hindered trade and raised its own funds. As a result, economic growth has slowed down after the war. でいいでしょうか？ 質問文が長くてすみません。 よろしくお願いします。
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回答ありがとうございます。 やはりそうですよね！自信が持てました。