The British set-piece attack in late 1917 aimed to capture the Gheluvelt plateau through a series of four steps.
General Plumer, the Second Army commander, took over the offensive and implemented new attacking methods.
The revised attack organization aimed for faster and shorter advances, consolidating on tactically advantageous ground.
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The British set-piece attack in late 1917
The German 4th Army had held on to the Gheluvelt plateau during August in a costly defensive success, which worsened the manpower shortage that the German defensive strategy for 1917 was intended to remedy. Haig transferred command of the offensive to General Plumer, the Second Army commander on 25 August and moved the northern boundary of the Second Army closer to the Ypres–Roulers railway. More heavy artillery was sent to Flanders from the armies further south and placed opposite the Gheluvelt plateau. Plumer continued the development of British attacking methods, which had also taken place in the Fifth Army, during the slow and costly progress in August, against the German defence-in-depth and the unusually wet weather. After a pause of about three weeks, Plumer intended to capture Gheluvelt plateau in four steps, with six days between each step to allow time to bring forward artillery and supplies. Each attack was to have limited geographical objectives like the attacks in August, with infantry brigades re-organised to attack the first objective with one battalion each and the final one with two battalions.
Derelict tank used as the roof of a dug out, Zillebeke, 20 September 1917 (Q6416)
Plumer arranged for much more medium and heavy artillery to be added to the creeping bombardment, which had been impossible with the amount of artillery available to Gough. The revised attack organisation was intended to have more infantry attacking on narrower fronts, to a shallower depth than the attack of 31 July. The quicker and shorter advances were intended to be consolidated on tactically advantageous ground (particularly on reverse slopes), with the infantry in contact with their artillery and air support, ready to repulse counter-attacks. The faster tempo of the operations was intended to add to German difficulties in replacing tired divisions through the transport bottlenecks behind the German front.
＞The British set-piece attack in late 1917
The German 4th Army had held on to the Gheluvelt plateau during August in a costly defensive success, which worsened the manpower shortage that the German defensive strategy for 1917 was intended to remedy.
⇒1917年後半の英国軍のセットピース（綿密な計画に基づく）攻撃
ドイツ第4方面軍は、高くつく防御の成功で、8月の間ゲルヴェルト台地を保持したが、それによってドイツ軍が防御戦略として1917年用に修復を意図した人的資源不足を悪化させてしまった。
＞Haig transferred command of the offensive to General Plumer, the Second Army commander on 25 August and moved the northern boundary of the Second Army closer to the Ypres–Roulers railway. More heavy artillery was sent to Flanders from the armies further south and placed opposite the Gheluvelt plateau. Plumer continued the development of British attacking methods, which had also taken place in the Fifth Army, during the slow and costly progress in August, against the German defence-in-depth and the unusually wet weather.
⇒ヘイグは、8月25日に攻勢の指揮を第2方面軍指揮官のプルーマー将軍に委譲して、第2方面軍の北境界線をイープル－ルーラー鉄道により近づけた。より大型の重砲が南寄りの方面軍からフランドルに送られて、ゲルヴェルト台地の対面に設置された。プルーマーは、英国軍の攻撃方法の開発を続けていたが、それが第5方面軍においても、ドイツ軍の縱深防御と異常に湿った天気に対抗するために、時間とコストのかかる8月中の進軍の間に起こった。
＞After a pause of about three weeks, Plumer intended to capture Gheluvelt plateau in four steps, with six days between each step to allow time to bring forward artillery and supplies. Each attack was to have limited geographical objectives like the attacks in August, with infantry brigades re-organised to attack the first objective with one battalion each and the final one with two battalions.
⇒およそ3週間の休止の後、プルーマーは、各段階の間に大砲と必需品を用意する時間を設けるための6日間ずつを含む4つの段階でゲルヴェルト台地を攻略するつもりであった。各々の攻撃は、8月の攻撃のように地理上で標的を限定しておき、各1個大隊で最初の標的を、2個大隊で最終標的を攻撃するために再編成された歩兵旅団をもって攻撃するよう限定しておくこととした。
＞Derelict tank used as the roof of a dug out, Zillebeke, 20 September 1917 (Q6416)
Plumer arranged for much more medium and heavy artillery to be added to the creeping bombardment, which had been impossible with the amount of artillery available to Gough. The revised attack organisation was intended to have more infantry attacking on narrower fronts, to a shallower depth than the attack of 31 July.
⇒避難壕の屋根として使われた遺棄（廃）戦車、ズィレベケ、1917年9月20日（Q6416）
プルーマーは、纏いつく集中砲撃に追加すべく、さらに多くの中型・大型大砲を手配したが、それはゴフにとって利用できる大砲量としては不可能なものであった。改定された攻撃組織は、より多くの歩兵連隊をで揃えて、7月31日の攻撃よりも浅く狭い前線を攻撃することを意図した。
＞The quicker and shorter advances were intended to be consolidated on tactically advantageous ground (particularly on reverse slopes), with the infantry in contact with their artillery and air support, ready to repulse counter-attacks. The faster tempo of the operations was intended to add to German difficulties in replacing tired divisions through the transport bottlenecks behind the German front.
⇒反撃を撃退する準備のできている砲兵隊や航空隊の援護と接触を保ちながらの、より速くより短い進軍は、歩兵連隊をもって地面上（特に逆傾斜面上）の戦術的に有利な地面でそれが強化されることを意図した。作戦行動のより速いテンポ（遂行）が、ドイツ軍前線の背後の輸送ボトルネック（障害）を通じての疲弊した師団の交替におけるドイツ軍の困難を増すことを目的としたのである。
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