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質問

Tactical developments

The preliminary operation to capture Messines ridge (7–14 June) had been followed by a strategic pause as the British repaired their communications behind Messines ridge, completed the building of the infrastructure necessary for a much larger force in the Ypres area and moved troops and equipment north from the Arras front. After delays caused by local conditions, the Battles of Ypres had begun on 31 July with the Battle of Pilckem Ridge, which was a substantial local success for the British, taking a large amount of ground and inflicting many casualties on the German defenders. The German defence had nonetheless recovered some of the lost ground in the middle of the attack front and restricted the British advance on the Gheluvelt Plateau further south. British attacks had then been seriously hampered by unseasonal heavy rain during August and had not been able to retain much of the additional ground captured on the plateau on 10, 16–18, 22–24 and 27 August due to the determined German defence, mud and poor visibility.
Sir Douglas Haig ordered artillery to be transferred from the southern flank of the Second Army and more artillery to be brought into Flanders from the armies further south, to increase the weight of the attack on the Gheluvelt Plateau. The principal role was changed from the Fifth to the Second Army and the boundary between the Second and Fifth armies was moved north towards the Ypres–Roulers railway, to narrow the frontages of the Second Army divisions on the Gheluvelt Plateau. A pause in British attacks was used to reorganise and to improve supply routes behind the front line, to carry forward 54,572 long tons (55,448 t) of ammunition above normal expenditure, guns were moved forward to new positions and the infantry and artillery reinforcements which arrived, practised for the next attack. The unseasonal rains stopped, the ground began to dry and the cessation of British attacks misled the Germans, who risked moving some units away from Flanders.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Tactical developments
The preliminary operation to capture Messines ridge (7–14 June) had been followed by a strategic pause as the British repaired their communications behind Messines ridge, completed the building of the infrastructure necessary for a much larger force in the Ypres area and moved troops and equipment north from the Arras front. After delays caused by local conditions, the Battles of Ypres had begun on 31 July with the Battle of Pilckem Ridge, which was a substantial local success for the British, taking a large amount of ground and inflicting many casualties on the German defenders.
⇒戦術の開発
メッシネス（メセン）・リッジを攻略するための予備的な作戦行動として、英国軍は戦略的な休止を続けた（6月7日－14日）。それというのも、英国軍は、メッシネス・リッジ背後の通信施設を修理し、一層大きいイープル地域軍団のために必要なインフラストラクチャー（基盤）の建物を完成し、アラス前線から軍隊と機器を移動していたからである。局地的条件によって引き起こされた遅延の後、7月31日「イープルの戦い」が、「ピルケム・リッジの戦い」をもって始まり、英国軍に大きな局地的成功をもたらして、大量の地面を奪取し、ドイツ軍の守備隊に多くの死傷者数を与えた。

＞The German defence had nonetheless recovered some of the lost ground in the middle of the attack front and restricted the British advance on the Gheluvelt Plateau further south. British attacks had then been seriously hampered by unseasonal heavy rain during August and had not been able to retain much of the additional ground captured on the plateau on 10, 16–18, 22–24 and 27 August due to the determined German defence, mud and poor visibility.
⇒それにもかかわらずドイツ軍の守備隊は、前線攻撃の最中に失われた地面の一部を回復し、さらに南のゲルヴェルト高原における英国軍の進軍に制限を加えた。8月の間に季節はずれの激しい雨によって英国軍の攻撃はひどく妨げられたが、さらに8月10日、16－18日、22－24日、27日に追加攻略した高原の多くは、決然としたドイツ軍の防御、泥、および視界の悪さのせいで、それを保持することができなかった。

＞Sir Douglas Haig ordered artillery to be transferred from the southern flank of the Second Army and more artillery to be brought into Flanders from the armies further south, to increase the weight of the attack on the Gheluvelt Plateau. The principal role was changed from the Fifth to the Second Army and the boundary between the Second and Fifth armies was moved north towards the Ypres–Roulers railway, to narrow the frontages of the Second Army divisions on the Gheluvelt Plateau.
⇒ダグラス・ヘイグ卿は、ゲルヴェルト高原を攻撃する重量加増のために、第2方面軍の南側面から大砲を移し、さらに南方の軍隊からより多くの大砲をフランドルへ送るよう命じた。主要な役割管掌が、第5方面軍から第2方面軍に移され、その（第2と第5方面軍の）間の境界は北のイープル－ルーレルス鉄道方向に動かされて、ゲルヴェルト高原の第2方面軍師団の前線を狭めた。

＞A pause in British attacks was used to reorganise and to improve supply routes behind the front line, to carry forward 54,572 long tons (55,448 t) of ammunition above normal expenditure, guns were moved forward to new positions and the infantry and artillery reinforcements which arrived, practised for the next attack. The unseasonal rains stopped, the ground began to dry and the cessation of British attacks misled the Germans, who risked moving some units away from Flanders.
⇒英国軍の攻撃の休止（期間）が、前線後方の供給ルートを再編成し、正常な消費を賄う弾薬54,572英トン（55,448t）を前方に運ぶために利用された。銃砲が前方の新しい陣地に移され、強化のための歩兵隊と砲兵隊が到着して、次の攻撃のための演習が行われた。季節はずれの雨が止んで、地面は乾燥し始めた。英国軍の攻撃の休止は、ドイツ軍の誤認を誘った。彼らは、無謀にもフランドルから数個部隊を外へ移動したのである。

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