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質問

But the German forces proved to be much harder to root out, and their stubborn resistance resulted in heavy casualties amongst the attacking Russians.
As Russian losses mounted, demoralization of infantry soon begin to tell, and the further successes were only due to the work of cavalry, artillery and special "shock" battalions, which General Kornilov had formed. The other troops, for the most part, refused to obey orders. Soldiers' committees discussed whether the officers should be followed or not. Even when a division did not flatly refuse to fight, no orders were obeyed without preliminary discussion by the divisional committee, and even when the latter decided to obey orders it was usually too late to be of any use.
The Russian advance collapsed altogether by July 16. On July 19, the Germans and Austro-Hungarians counterattacked, meeting little resistance and advancing through Galicia and Ukraine as far as the Zbruch River. The Russian lines were broken on July 20 and by July 23, the Russians had retreated about 240 kilometres (150 mi) (Vinny). "The only limit to the German advance was the lack of the logistical means to occupy more territory".The Russian provisional government was greatly weakened by this military catastrophe, and the possibility of a Bolshevik coup d'état became increasingly real. Far from strengthening Russian army morale, this offensive proved that Russian army morale no longer existed. No Russian general could now count on the soldiers under his command actually doing what they were ordered to do.
This offensive helped the start of the July Days, and also affected the situation in Romania. Russo-Romanian forces, which first broke the Austro-Hungarian front at Mărăşti in support of the Kerensky Offensive, were stopped.
One further fight took place between the Germans and the Russians in 1917. On September 1, 1917 the Germans attacked and captured Riga. The Russian soldiers defending the town refused to fight and fled from the advancing German troops.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞But the German forces proved to be much harder to root out, and their stubborn resistance resulted in heavy casualties amongst the attacking Russians.
⇒しかしドイツ軍隊は根絶するのが非常に難しいことが判明して、彼らの執拗な抵抗により、ロシア攻撃隊の間に甚大な犠牲が結果した。

＞As Russian losses mounted, demoralization of infantry soon begin to tell, and the further successes were only due to the work of cavalry, artillery and special "shock" battalions, which General Kornilov had formed. The other troops, for the most part, refused to obey orders. Soldiers' committees discussed whether the officers should be followed or not. Even when a division did not flatly refuse to fight, no orders were obeyed without preliminary discussion by the divisional committee, and even when the latter decided to obey orders it was usually too late to be of any use.
⇒ロシア軍の損失が山積したので、歩兵連隊の士気沮喪がすぐに語られ始め、更なる成功は、騎兵隊や砲兵隊とコルニーロフ将軍の編成した特別な「衝撃の」大隊の働きによるしかなくなった。他の軍隊は、ほとんどの場合命令に従うことを拒否した。兵士の委員会は、将校に追随すべきか否かを議論した。師団が戦闘をきっぱり拒否しないときでも、師団内の委員会は予備議論もなしで命令に従わず、仮に委員会が命令に従うことに決めたときでも、通常それは遅れすぎて役立つことがなかった。

＞The Russian advance collapsed altogether by July 16. On July 19, the Germans and Austro-Hungarians counterattacked, meeting little resistance and advancing through Galicia and Ukraine as far as the Zbruch River. The Russian lines were broken on July 20 and by July 23, the Russians had retreated about 240 kilometres (150 mi) (Vinny). "The only limit to the German advance was the lack of the logistical means to occupy more territory".
⇒ロシア軍の前進は、7月16日までにすっかり崩れた。7月19日に、ドイツ軍とオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍が反撃して、ほとんど抵抗に会わことなく、ガリツィアとウクライナを通ってズブルチ川まで進軍した。ロシア軍の戦線は7月20日には崩壊して、7月23日までには、ロシア軍は約240キロ（150マイル）退却した（ヴィニー）。「ドイツ軍の前進にとって唯一の制約は、より多くの領域を占有するための兵站業務の手段の不足であった」。

＞The Russian provisional government was greatly weakened by this military catastrophe, and the possibility of a Bolshevik coup d'état became increasingly real. Far from strengthening Russian army morale, this offensive proved that Russian army morale no longer existed. No Russian general could now count on the soldiers under his command actually doing what they were ordered to do.
⇒ロシアの臨時政府は、この軍隊の大災害によって大きく弱体化して、ボルシェビキによるクーデターの可能性がますます真実味を帯びてきた。ロシア軍の士気を強化する状況からほど遠く、この攻撃は、ロシア軍の士気がもはや存在しないということを証明した。ロシア軍の将軍は、兵士が指揮指令どおりに動くということを、もはやあてにすることはできなかった。

＞This offensive helped the start of the July Days, and also affected the situation in Romania. Russo-Romanian forces, which first broke the Austro-Hungarian front at Mărăşti in support of the Kerensky Offensive, were stopped.
⇒この攻撃は7月のうちに始まったことに助けられて、また、ルーマニアの状況に影響を及ぼした。ロシア・ルーマニア軍隊は、最初こそ、ケレンスキー攻撃を支持して、マラシチでオーストリア‐ハンガリー前線を破壊したが、今やそれは止められた。

＞One further fight took place between the Germans and the Russians in 1917. On September 1, 1917 the Germans attacked and captured Riga. The Russian soldiers defending the town refused to fight and fled from the advancing German troops.
⇒さらに1つのいざこざが、1917年にドイツ軍とロシア軍の間で起こった。1917年9月1日に、ドイツ軍はリガを攻撃して、占領した。町を守っていたロシア軍の兵士は、戦うことを拒否して、前進するドイツ軍隊から逃げていった。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。