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質問

The Battle of Manzikert or Battle of Malazgirt (Russian: Битва при Манцикерте Bytva pri Mantsikerte ;Turkish: Malazgirt Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I, which took place over the period July 10–26, 1915. Even though losses were heavy on both sides, the Russians retreated north and the Turks retook Malazgirt then they further advanced towards Karakilise where they were defeated on 5–8 August at the Battle of Kara Killisse. At the beginning of May the Russians captured Tutak and on 17 May the town of Malazgirt was captured. On July 10, 1915, Russian General Oganovski launched an offensive to capture the hills just west of Malazgirt. He believed that the Turkish forces in the area were weak. However, the Turkish forces contained several divisions numbering upwards of 40,000 men. On July 16, the Ottoman Army counter-attacked under Abdul Kerim Pasha. They outnumbered the Russians by a factor of 3-1. Oganovski was forced to retreat back to Malazgirt, and in the process the Turks captured his baggage train. On July 20, the Turks retook Malazgirt and on 27 July also took Muş from the Russians. Due to the poor quality of the Russian communications, Yudenich, who was the Russian commander of the Caucasus front, did not learn that the Russian army was in retreat until July 22. The Russian army in Malazgirt was outnumbered 3-1 by the Ottoman army. Realizing that if the Ottomans attacked, his army would be destroyed, Yudenich ordered a retreat. The Russians retreated from Malazgirt, and the entire Van region as well. This left the city of Van open to an Ottoman attack, and the Ottomans captured the city on August 22. However, Malazgirt was re-captured by the Russians after the Ottomans were defeated at the Battle of Kara Killisse. Yudenich quickly regrouped his forces, fired Oganovski, and launched a counter-offensive. Russian casualties were reported to be about 10,000. Malazgirt was recaptured but Yudenich did not have a force large enough to exploit the situation further. The morale of the Turkish leadership was lifted by the victory at Malazgirt and Abdulkerim Pasha was encouraged by his success to follow the Russians. However, in the following battle of Karakilise in August the Turks were defeated and this in turn raised Russian morale.

Manzikert マラズギルト

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Battle of Manzikert or Battle of Malazgirt (Russian: Битва при Манцикерте Bytva pri Mantsikerte ;Turkish: Malazgirt Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I, which took place over the period July 10–26, 1915. Even though losses were heavy on both sides, the Russians retreated north and the Turks retook Malazgirt then they further advanced towards Karakilise where they were defeated on 5–8 August at the Battle of Kara Killisse. At the beginning of May the Russians captured Tutak and on 17 May the town of Malazgirt was captured.
⇒「マンジケルトの戦い」または「マラズギルトの戦い」（ロシア語：Битва при Манцикерте Bytva pri Mantsikerte; トルコ語：Malazgirt Muharebesi）は、第一次世界大戦中の1915年7月10日から26日までの期間に行われた「コーカサス野戦」の戦いであった。両軍とも損失は大きく、ロシア軍は北に後退し、トルコ軍はマラズギルトを奪還した後、カラキリセに向かって前進したが、8月5～8日に「カラ・キリスの戦い」で敗北した。5月の初めにロシア軍がトルコを攻略し、5月17日にマラズギルトの町を占領した。

＞On July 10, 1915, Russian General Oganovski launched an offensive to capture the hills just west of Malazgirt. He believed that the Turkish forces in the area were weak. However, the Turkish forces contained several divisions numbering upwards of 40,000 men. On July 16, the Ottoman Army counter-attacked under Abdul Kerim Pasha. They outnumbered the Russians by a factor of 3-1. Oganovski was forced to retreat back to Malazgirt, and in the process the Turks captured his baggage train. On July 20, the Turks retook Malazgirt and on 27 July also took Muş from the Russians.
⇒1915年7月10日、ロシア軍のオガノフスキー将軍がマラズギルトのすぐ西にある丘を攻略する攻撃を開始した。彼はその地域のトルコ軍は弱いと信じていた。しかし、トルコ軍には、40,000人以上の数個師団が含まれていた。7月16日、オスマン方面軍がアブドゥル・ケリム・パシャの下で反撃した。彼らはロシア軍を3対1の数で上回っていた。オガノフスキーはマラズギルトに後退することを余儀なくされ、その過程でトルコ軍は彼の荷物列車を捕獲した。7月20日、トルコ軍はマラズギルトを奪還し、7月27日にはロシア軍からムッツも奪った。

＞Due to the poor quality of the Russian communications, Yudenich, who was the Russian commander of the Caucasus front, did not learn that the Russian army was in retreat until July 22. The Russian army in Malazgirt was outnumbered 3-1 by the Ottoman army. Realizing that if the Ottomans attacked, his army would be destroyed, Yudenich ordered a retreat. The Russians retreated from Malazgirt, and the entire Van region as well. This left the city of Van open to an Ottoman attack, and the Ottomans captured the city on August 22.
⇒ロシア軍では通信の質が悪いため、コーカサス戦線のロシア軍司令官ユデニッチは、ロシア軍が撤退していることを7月22日まで知らなかった。マラズギルトのロシア軍は、オスマン方面軍に対して3対1の比で劣勢であった。オスマン軍が攻撃した場合、ユデニッチ軍が破れることを認識して、彼は撤退を命じた。ロシア軍はマラズギルトを離れ、ヴァン地域の全域からも後退した。これによりヴァンの街はオスマン軍の攻撃にさらされるままとなり、オスマン軍は8月22日に街を攻略した。

＞However, Malazgirt was re-captured by the Russians after the Ottomans were defeated at the Battle of Kara Killisse. Yudenich quickly regrouped his forces, fired Oganovski, and launched a counter-offensive. Russian casualties were reported to be about 10,000. Malazgirt was recaptured but Yudenich did not have a force large enough to exploit the situation further. The morale of the Turkish leadership was lifted by the victory at Malazgirt and Abdulkerim Pasha was encouraged by his success to follow the Russians. However, in the following battle of Karakilise in August the Turks were defeated and this in turn raised Russian morale.
⇒しかし、「カラ・キリッセの戦い」でオスマン軍が敗れた後、マラズギルトはロシア軍に再占領された。ユデニッチはすぐに部隊を再編成し、オガノフスキーを解任し、反撃を開始した。ロシア軍の死傷者は約10,000人と報告された。マラズギルトは奪還されたが、ユデニッチはその状況をさらに利用するほど大きな軍団を持っていなかった。トルコ軍の指導層の士気は、マラズギルトでの勝利によって高まり、アブドゥル・ケリム・パシャはロシア軍の追跡成功に勇気づけられた。しかし、続く8月の「カラキリーゼの戦い」では、トルコ軍が敗北し、ロシア軍の士気が高まった。

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回答ありがとうございました。