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質問

Previously the Inspector General of the Army, Constantine was appointed commander-in-chief of the Greek "Army of Thessaly" when the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912. He led the Army of Thessaly to victory at Sarantaporos. At this point, his first clash with Venizelos occurred, as Constantine desired to press north, towards Monastir, where the bulk of the Ottoman army lay, and where the Greeks would rendezvous their Serb allies. Venizelos, on the other hand, demanded that the army capture the strategic port city of Thessaloniki, the capital of Macedonia, with extreme haste, so as to prevent its fall to the Bulgarians. The dispute resulted in a heated exchange of telegrams. Venizelos notified Constantine that "... political considerations of the utmost importance dictate that Thessaloniki be taken as soon as possible". After Constantine impudently cabled: "The army will not march on Thessaloniki. My duty calls me towards Monastir, unless you forbid me", Venizelos was forced to pull rank. As Prime Minister and War Minister, he outranked Constantine and his response was famously three-words-long, a crisp military order to be obeyed forthwith: "I forbid you". Constantine was left with no choice but to turn east, and after defeating the Ottoman army at Giannitsa, he accepted the surrender of the city of Thessaloniki and of its Ottoman garrison on 27 October (O.S.), less than 24 hours before the arrival of Bulgarian forces who hoped to capture the city first.
The capture of Thessaloniki against Constantine's whim proved a crucial achievement: the pacts of the Balkan League had provided that in the forthcoming war against the Ottoman Empire, the four Balkan allies would provisionally hold any ground they took from the Turks, without contest from the other allies. Once an armistice was declared, then facts on the ground would be the starting point of negotiations for the final drawing of the new borders in a forthcoming peace treaty.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Previously the Inspector General of the Army, Constantine was appointed commander-in-chief of the Greek "Army of Thessaly" when the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912. He led the Army of Thessaly to victory at Sarantaporos. At this point, his first clash with Venizelos occurred, as Constantine desired to press north, towards Monastir, where the bulk of the Ottoman army lay, and where the Greeks would rendezvous their Serb allies.
⇒以前には陸軍元帥検閲官であったコンスタンティンは、1912年10月に「第1回バルカン戦争」が始まったとき、ギリシアの「テッサリアの方面軍」の司令官に任命された。彼は、サランタポロスでテッサリア軍を勝利に導いた。この時点で、彼のベニゼロスとの最初の衝突が起こった。コンスタンティンが、モナスチールの方へ向って北へ圧力をかけることを望んだからであった。そこはオスマントルコの大軍が駐屯するが、ギリシア軍も盟友のセルビア軍と合流できる所であった。

＞Venizelos, on the other hand, demanded that the army capture the strategic port city of Thessaloniki, the capital of Macedonia, with extreme haste, so as to prevent its fall to the Bulgarians. The dispute resulted in a heated exchange of telegrams. Venizelos notified Constantine that "... political considerations of the utmost importance dictate that Thessaloniki be taken as soon as possible". After Constantine impudently cabled: "The army will not march on Thessaloniki. My duty calls me towards Monastir, unless you forbid me", Venizelos was forced to pull rank.
⇒他方、ベニゼロスは、戦略上重要なマケドニアの首都テッサロニキの港町がブルガリア軍の手に落ちるのを防ぐべく、これを大至急攻略するよう方面軍に要求した。論争は、電報の熱いやり取りになった。ベニゼロスは、コンスタンティンにこう通知した。「…最大の重要性を有する政治的配慮の命じるところでは、できるだけ早くテッサロニキを奪取することです」。その後、コンスタンティンはぶしつけな電信を送りつけた。「方面軍は、テッサロニキに向けた行軍はしません。あなたから拘束でもされない限り、私は義務感により、モナスチールの方へ向かいます」。ベニゼロスは、権力の行使を余儀なくされた。

＞As Prime Minister and War Minister, he outranked Constantine and his response was famously three-words-long, a crisp military order to be obeyed forthwith: "I forbid you". Constantine was left with no choice but to turn east, and after defeating the Ottoman army at Giannitsa, he accepted the surrender of the city of Thessaloniki and of its Ottoman garrison on 27 October (O.S.), less than 24 hours before the arrival of Bulgarian forces who hoped to capture the city first.
⇒首相兼戦争大臣として、彼はコンスタンティンより地位が高かったので、彼の反応は、直ちに従うべしというキッパリとした軍事指令の3語文であった。曰く、「私は、あなたを、禁じます」。コンスタンティンは、東に向かうしか選択の余地がなくなったが、ジアニスタでオスマントルコ軍を破った後で、10月27日（旧暦）にテッサロニキ市とオスマントルコ駐屯軍の降伏を受け入れた。それは、1番乗りで当市の攻略を望んでいたブルガリア軍隊が到着するより、24時間弱も前であった。

＞The capture of Thessaloniki against Constantine's whim proved a crucial achievement: the pacts of the Balkan League had provided that in the forthcoming war against the Ottoman Empire, the four Balkan allies* would provisionally hold any ground they took from the Turks, without contest from the other allies. Once an armistice was declared, then facts on the ground would be the starting point of negotiations for the final drawing of the new borders in a forthcoming peace treaty.
⇒コンスタンティンの気まぐれに対抗したテッサロニキの攻略であったが、それは重要な業績を証明した。すなわち、バルカン同盟の協定は、オスマン帝国との次なる戦いにおいて、4か国のバルカン同盟国*がトルコ軍から奪取したいかなる土地も、同盟国内部の争奪などはなしに、仮に占拠しておくものと定めていた。ひとたび休戦が宣言されたら、土地問題については（その時が）、続く平和条約において最終的に新しい境界線を引くための交渉の出発点とされた。
＊four Balkan allies：4か国のバルカン同盟国（ギリシア、セルビア、ブルガリア、モンテネグロ）。

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