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Ottoman High Command and the Dire Situation in 1916
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- The Ottoman High Command, unable to recover losses from 1915, faced a dire situation in 1916. With the resources and manpower drained by the war in Gallipoli, reinforcements for the IX, X, and XI Corps were impossible. Meanwhile, the 1st and 5th Expeditionary Forces were deployed to Mesopotamia Campaign, further straining the Ottoman forces. Recognizing the secondary importance of the region, the Ottoman High Command focused on other fronts.
- In January 1916, the Ottoman forces had a total of 126,000 men, with only 50,539 being combat soldiers. They possessed 74,057 rifles, 77 machine guns, and 180 pieces of artillery. However, many guns were transferred to Gallipoli, leaving only older and less reliable weapons behind. Additionally, the soldiers suffered from inadequate food. The Ottoman forces in the Caucasus Campaign appeared strong on paper, but their presence on the ground was limited.
- Another source suggests that the number of troops in the region was around 78,000, potentially associating this number with the rifles instead of actual soldiers. Regardless, the Ottoman High Command was aware of the limitations and challenges they faced in 1916.
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