Ottoman High Command and the Dire Situation in 1916

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  • The Ottoman High Command, unable to recover losses from 1915, faced a dire situation in 1916. With the resources and manpower drained by the war in Gallipoli, reinforcements for the IX, X, and XI Corps were impossible. Meanwhile, the 1st and 5th Expeditionary Forces were deployed to Mesopotamia Campaign, further straining the Ottoman forces. Recognizing the secondary importance of the region, the Ottoman High Command focused on other fronts.
  • In January 1916, the Ottoman forces had a total of 126,000 men, with only 50,539 being combat soldiers. They possessed 74,057 rifles, 77 machine guns, and 180 pieces of artillery. However, many guns were transferred to Gallipoli, leaving only older and less reliable weapons behind. Additionally, the soldiers suffered from inadequate food. The Ottoman forces in the Caucasus Campaign appeared strong on paper, but their presence on the ground was limited.
  • Another source suggests that the number of troops in the region was around 78,000, potentially associating this number with the rifles instead of actual soldiers. Regardless, the Ottoman High Command was aware of the limitations and challenges they faced in 1916.
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The Ottoman High Command failed to make up the losses of 1915. The war in Gallipoli was using all the resources and manpower. The IX, X and XI Corps could not be reinforced and in addition to that the 1st and 5th Expeditionary Forces were deployed to Mesopotamia Campaign which did not show signs of ending soon. Ottoman High Command recognizing the dire situation on other fronts, decided that this region was of secondary importance. As of January 1916, Ottoman forces were 126,000 men, only 50,539 being combat soldiers. There were 74,057 rifles, 77 machine guns and 180 pieces of artillery. Many of the guns which were supposed to defend the city had been moved to Gallipoli to counter the British forces. The guns that were left in the region were older weapons and not in very good condition. The soldiers were not in good condition. They suffered from inadequate food as was typical of many Turkish soldiers at that time. Ottoman forces in the Caucasus Campaign were big on paper, but not on the ground. Another source claim that 78,000 troops were in this region, perhaps associating the number of rifles to actual soldiers.

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以下のとおりお答えします。 ガリポリの戦いにおけるオスマントルコ軍の戦力を分析しています。 >The Ottoman High Command failed to make up the losses of 1915. The war in Gallipoli was using all the resources and manpower. The IX, X and XI Corps could not be reinforced and in addition to that the 1st and 5th Expeditionary Forces were deployed to Mesopotamia Campaign which did not show signs of ending soon. ⇒オスマントルコ軍の最高司令部は、1915年の損失を埋め合わせることに失敗した。ガリポリの戦いでは、すべての物的・人的資源を使い込んでいた。第9,10,11 師団は補強ができず、それに加えて、その第1,第5 遠征軍がメソポタミア会戦に臨戦していたが、それはすぐ終わりそうな兆候もない状態のままであった。 >Ottoman High Command recognizing the dire situation on other fronts, decided that this region was of secondary importance. As of January 1916, Ottoman forces were 126,000 men, only 50,539 being combat soldiers. There were 74,057 rifles, 77 machine guns and 180 pieces of artillery. Many of the guns which were supposed to defend the city had been moved to Gallipoli to counter the British forces. ⇒オスマントルコの最高司令部は、他の前線の恐ろしい状況を認めて、この領域(ガリポリ)は第2の重要性しかないと決めた。1916年1月現在、オスマントルコ軍の兵員は126,000人であったが、戦闘兵はわずか50,539人だけであった。74,057丁のライフル、77丁の機関銃、および180門の大砲があった。ただ、都市を防御すると想定されている銃の多くは、英国軍に対抗するために、ガリポリに運ばれていた。 >The guns that were left in the region were older weapons and not in very good condition. The soldiers were not in good condition. They suffered from inadequate food as was typical of many Turkish soldiers at that time. Ottoman forces in the Caucasus Campaign were big on paper, but not on the ground. Another source claim that 78,000 troops were in this region, perhaps associating the number of rifles to actual soldiers. ⇒その領域(ガリポリ)に残された銃は古い武器であって、状態もあまりよくなかった。兵士たちの条件もよくなかった。彼らは不十分な食物に苦しんでいたが、それは当時の多くのトルコ兵に典型的であった。コーカサス山脈会戦でのオスマントルコ軍は、紙の上(数字)は大きかったが、地面(実数)は違っていた。別の出典の主張によれば、実際の兵士にライフルの数を結びつけて見ると、たぶんこの領域に駐屯していた軍の隊員は、78,000人であっただろうという。

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