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質問

Sophie, Constantine's queen, was popularly thought to support her brother Kaiser Wilhelm, but it seems that she was actually pro-British; like her father the late Kaiser Frederick, Sophie was influenced by her mother, the British-born Victoria. Venizelos was fervently pro-Entente, having established excellent rapport with the British and French, and was convinced that German aggression had caused the war. Both Venizelos and Constantine were keenly aware that a maritime country like Greece could not, and should not, antagonise the Entente, the dominant naval powers in the Mediterranean. Constantine settled on a policy of neutrality because it seemed the path that best assured that Greece would emerge from the World War intact and with the substantial territorial gains it had won in the recent Balkan Wars.
Constantine claimed his military judgement was borne out by the outcome of the Allies' failed gamble of landing on Gallipoli. Despite the popularity of Venizelos and his clear majority in Parliament for supporting the Allies, Constantine opposed Venizelos. When Bulgaria attacked Serbia, with whom Greece had a treaty of alliance, Venizelos again urged the King to allow Greece's entry into the war, and permitted Entente forces to disembark in Thessaloniki in preparation for a common campaign over the King's objections. After Constantine refused to honor the treaty, and refused again to support Greece's entry on the side of the Allies, however, Venizelos resigned, and Constantine appointed Alexandros Zaimis in his place, at the head of a short-lived coalition government.
In July 1916, arsonists set fire to the forest surrounding the summer palace at Tatoi. Although injured in the escape, the king and his family managed to flee to safety. The flames spread quickly in the dry summer heat, and sixteen people were killed. In May and August 1916, Constantine and General Ioannis Metaxas (future dictator) allowed parts of eastern Macedonia to be occupied, without opposition, by the Central Powers. This caused popular anger.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Sophie, Constantine's queen, was popularly thought to support her brother Kaiser Wilhelm, but it seems that she was actually pro-British; like her father the late Kaiser Frederick, Sophie was influenced by her mother, the British-born Victoria. Venizelos was fervently pro-Entente, having established excellent rapport with the British and French, and was convinced that German aggression had caused the war.
⇒コンスタンティンの女王（妻）ソフィは、彼女の兄弟カイゼル・ウィルヘルムを支持すると一般に考えられたが、彼女は実は親英だったようである。彼女の父親である故カイゼル・フレデリックのように、ソフィは英国の生まれの彼女の母ビクトリアによって影響された。ベニゼロスは、英国人やフランス人と優れた関係を樹立して、熱烈な親協商国者で、ドイツ人の攻撃性が戦争を引き起こしたことを確信していた。

＞Both Venizelos and Constantine were keenly aware that a maritime country like Greece could not, and should not, antagonise the Entente, the dominant naval powers in the Mediterranean. Constantine settled on a policy of neutrality because it seemed the path that best assured that Greece would emerge from the World War intact and with the substantial territorial gains it had won in the recent Balkan Wars.
⇒ベニゼロスとコンスタンティンは、２人とも、ギリシャなどの海洋国が、地中海の海軍力で優位に立つ協商国に敵対できないし、そうすべきでないことは十二分に気づいていた。コンスタンティンは、中立の方針に同意していたが、それは、ギリシャが無傷で世界大戦から出ることや、実質的な領土の増加で、ギリシャが直近のバルカン戦争で勝ち取ったものを最もよく保証する道と思われたからである。

＞Constantine claimed his military judgement was borne out by the outcome of the Allies' failed gamble of landing on Gallipoli. Despite the popularity of Venizelos and his clear majority in Parliament for supporting the Allies, Constantine opposed Venizelos.
⇒コンスタンティンは、彼の軍事的判断（の正しさ）が、ガリポリに上陸しようとして失敗した連合国のギャンブルの結果によって裏づけられると主張した。ベニゼロスの人気と、連合国支持で彼ベニゼロスが明確な議会多数派であるにもかかわらず、コンスタンティンはベニゼロスに反対した。

＞When Bulgaria attacked Serbia, with whom Greece had a treaty of alliance, Venizelos again urged the King to allow Greece's entry into the war, and permitted Entente forces to disembark in Thessaloniki in preparation for a common campaign over the King's objections. After Constantine refused to honor the treaty, and refused again to support Greece's entry on the side of the Allies, however, Venizelos resigned, and Constantine appointed Alexandros Zaimis in his place, at the head of a short-lived coalition government.
⇒ブルガリアが、ギリシャと同盟条約を交わしているセルビアを攻撃したとき、ベニゼロスは再び国王にギリシャの参戦を許すように訴え、国王の反対を踏み越えて協商国軍隊が一般野戦に備えてテッサロニキに上陸することを認めた。しかし、コンスタンティンはその協約の遵守を拒否して、再び連合国側に立ってのギリシャの参戦支持を拒否したあと、ベニゼロスは辞任した。それでコンスタンティンは、短命な連立政権の長官としての彼に代えて、アレクサンドロス・ザイミスを任命した。

＞In July 1916, arsonists set fire to the forest surrounding the summer palace at Tatoi. Although injured in the escape, the king and his family managed to flee to safety. The flames spread quickly in the dry summer heat, and sixteen people were killed. In May and August 1916, Constantine and General Ioannis Metaxas (future dictator) allowed parts of eastern Macedonia to be occupied, without opposition, by the Central Powers. This caused popular anger.
⇒1916年7月、タトイにある夏（用）の宮殿を囲む森に放火犯が火をつけた。王と彼の家族は脱出の際に負傷したが、何とか安全地帯へ逃げることができた。炎は、乾いた夏の熱気の中で急速に燃え広がり、16人が死亡した。1916年5月と8月にコンスタンティンとイオニス・メタクサス将軍（将来の独裁者）は、反対もせずに、中央同盟国によって東部マケドニア地域が占領されたままにしておいたので、これが大衆の怒りを引き起こした。

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