Defects in Autocracy and Democracy: Insights from A. Einstein

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  • In this passage by A. Einstein, the author emphasizes the importance of allowing those who are led to choose their leader, rather than being driven.
  • The phrase 'in the last analysis they rest on force' suggests that the distinctions separating social classes are ultimately based on power and control.
  • The instability of political leadership and the impersonal character of party alignments are the factors that have discredited the European forms of democracy.
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英文についての質問です。

Full well do I know that in order to attain any definite goal it is imperative that one person should do the thinking and commanding and carry most of the responsibility. But those who are led should not be driven, and they should be allowed to choose their leader. It seems to me that the distinctions separating the social classes are false; in the last analysis they rest on force. I am convinced that degeneracy follows every autocratic system of violence, for violence inevitably attracts moral inferiors. Time has proved that illustrious tyrants are succeeded by scoundrels. For this reason I have always been passionately opposed to such regimes as exist in Russia and Italy to-day. The thing which has discredited the European forms of democracy is not the basic theory of democracy itself, which some say is at fault, but the instability of our political leadership, as well as the impersonal character of party alignments. (What I Believe by A. Einstein) わからない点について教えてください。 1)But those who are led should not be driven, and they should be allowed to choose their leader. those who are led should not be drivenのshould not be drivenの個所はどのように意味をとるとよいのでしょうか?人の思うままになってはいけない、というような意味ですか? 2) in the last analysis they rest on forceのrestは「~に基づく」という意味ですか? 3)The thing which has discredited the European forms of democracy is not the basic theory of democracy itself, which some say is at fault, but the instability of our political leadership, as well as the impersonal character of party alignments. この英文は、基本的にnot~but構文ですか? which some say is at faultのwhichは関係代名詞ですか?先行詞は冒頭のthe thingですか? the impersonal character of party alignmentsの意味がとりにくいのですが、「政党の一直線化(整列化?)の非個人的な特質」?(ほとんど意味がわかりません) 質問が多くなってしまいましたが、よろしくお願いいたします。

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回答No.1

1。those who are led should not be drivenのshould not be drivenの個所はどのように意味をとるとよいのでしょうか?  ここの drive の意味は、slave driver「奴隷酷使者」のような意味でしょう、driver は、鉄道の機関士、自動車の運転士などに転移ましたがこの言葉の根源は、鞭で馬を駆使する馭者から来ています。  要するに自分の意志で動くのではなく鞭で動かされるもの、から指導者に  「導かれる者は、(自己の意志に反して鞭で追使われる者ではなく)自分達の指導者を選ぶことを許されるべきだ」  という意味です。 2。in the last analysis they rest on forceのrestは「~に基づく」という意味ですか?  当たらずと雖も遠からず。    とどのつまりは力ということになる。結論を言えば暴力とか権力に帰着する。 3。The thing which has discredited the European forms of democracy is not the basic theory of democracy itself, which some say is at fault, but the instability of our political leadership, as well as the impersonal character of party alignments. この英文は、基本的にnot~but構文ですか?  はいそうです。 4。which some say is at faultのwhichは関係代名詞ですか?  はい、関係代名詞の非限定的用法で、挿入句的に使われています。 5。先行詞は冒頭のthe thingですか?  いいえ、(the basic) theory です。 6。the impersonal character of party alignmentsの意味がとりにくいのですが、「政党の一直線化(整列化?)の非個人的な特質」?(ほとんど意味がわかりません) 下記の名詞の4の意味が近いと思います。  http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=alignment  政党の協力関係が非人間的であること>どのような党が(自分の)支えになるかと言う点で人間味が欠けていること  ある国で政情が変わる際、極めて非情な粛正が行なわれる、と言ったことを思い出してくだされば、この意味がはっきりすると思います。  

chrleyk
質問者

お礼

ご回答ありがとうございました。 driveについてのご説明、なるほどと思いました。 slave driverという言葉があるのですね。 restとwhichのところもわかりました。 alignmentは協力、支援、団結の意味ですね。 ある国で政情が変わる際、極めて非情な粛正が行なわれる~のご解説で、言っている内容をイメージして掴むことができました。ありがとうございます。

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