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質問

An attempt on 15 August to re-capture the Au Bon Gite blockhouse, 300 yd (270 m) beyond the Steenbeek, which had been lost to a German counter-attack on 31 July, failed. It was decided that the infantry for the general attack due on 16 August, would have to squeeze into the ground beyond the river in front of the blockhouse, for the attack on Langemarck.

Unternehmen Sommernacht
Unternehmen Sommernacht (Operation Summernight) was a local German attack near Hollebeke, which began at 5:20 a.m. on 5 August. After a short bombardment, three companies of I Battalion, Infantry Regiment 62 captured a slight ridge 0.62 mi (1 km) north-east of Hollebeke, surprising the British who fell back 87 yd (80 m). The new German positions were on higher and drier ground and deprived the British of observation over the German rear, reducing casualties to British artillery-fire. Further to the south, Reserve Infantry regiments 209 and 213 of the 207th Division, attacked Hollebeke through thick fog and captured the village, despite many casualties and took at least 300 prisoners. Most of the British had occupied captured pillboxes and blockhouses, which had to be attacked one by one and at 5:45 a.m., three signal flares were fired to indicate success. The Germans later abandoned Hollebeke and reoccupied the old "A line", then the Germans withdrew to their start line because of the severity of British counter-attacks and artillery-fire. Unternehmen Sommernacht left the front-line ragged, with a gap between regiments 209 and 213, which the British tried to exploit in the days before the bigger local attack of 10 August.

Capture of Westhoek
Main article: Capture of Westhoek

German pillbox, Flanders 1917
The ground on the Gheluvelt Plateau had been churned by artillery-fire and became a sea of mud, flooded shell craters, fallen trees and barbed wire. Troops were quickly tired by rain, mud, massed artillery bombardments and lack of food and water; rapid relief of units spread the exhaustion through all the infantry despite the lines being held by fresh divisions.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞An attempt on 15 August to re-capture the Au Bon Gite blockhouse, 300 yd (270 m) beyond the Steenbeek, which had been lost to a German counter-attack on 31 July, failed. It was decided that the infantry for the general attack due on 16 August, would have to squeeze into the ground beyond the river in front of the blockhouse, for the attack on Langemarck.
⇒8月15日の試みは失敗した。それは、シュテーンベークの300ヤード（270m）先にある、7月31日にドイツ軍の反撃で失った「オ・ボン・ジト」（よきねぐら）防塞を奪回する試みであった。8月16日に予定された総攻撃を行う歩兵隊がランゲマルクへの攻撃のために、その防塞の前で川向こうの地に突入することが決まっていたのである。

＞Unternehmen Sommernacht
Unternehmen Sommernacht (Operation Summernight) was a local German attack near Hollebeke, which began at 5:20 a.m. on 5 August. After a short bombardment, three companies of I Battalion, Infantry Regiment 62 captured a slight ridge 0.62 mi (1 km) north-east of Hollebeke, surprising the British who fell back 87 yd (80 m). The new German positions were on higher and drier ground and deprived the British of observation over the German rear, reducing casualties to British artillery-fire.
＞「ゾンマーナハト（夏の夜）作戦」
「ゾンマーナハト作戦」は、ドイツ軍によるホレベケ近くの局地攻撃で、8月5日午前5時20分に始まった。短い砲撃の後、第I大隊の3個中隊、第62歩兵連隊が、英国軍を急襲して87ヤード（80m）後退させ、ホレベケの0.62マイル（1キロ）北東の小尾根を攻略した。新しいドイツ軍陣地は、より高く、より乾燥している地面にあり、ドイツ軍後衛部上の観察を英国軍から奪い、英国軍の砲火に対して自軍の死傷者数を減らした。

＞Further to the south, Reserve Infantry regiments 209 and 213 of the 207th Division, attacked Hollebeke through thick fog and captured the village, despite many casualties and took at least 300 prisoners. Most of the British had occupied captured pillboxes and blockhouses, which had to be attacked one by one and at 5:45 a.m., three signal flares were fired to indicate success.
⇒さらに南では、第207師団の第209、第213予備歩兵連隊が濃霧の中でホレベケを攻撃して、多くの死傷者数を受けたにもかかわらずその村を攻略し、少なくとも300人の囚人を捕縛した。英国軍のほとんどは、ピルボックスと防塞を1つずつ攻撃する必要があったが、（そのようにして）それらを攻略し、占拠した。そして、午前5時45分に、成功を示すために3発の照明弾が点火された。

＞The Germans later abandoned Hollebeke and reoccupied the old "A line", then the Germans withdrew to their start line because of the severity of British counter-attacks and artillery-fire. Unternehmen Sommernacht left the front-line ragged, with a gap between regiments 209 and 213, which the British tried to exploit in the days before the bigger local attack of 10 August.
⇒ドイツ軍は後にホレベケを放棄して、古い「戦線A」を再占拠した。それからドイツ軍は、英国軍の反撃と砲火が深刻であったために、彼らの開始時の戦線まで退去した。「ゾンマーナハト作戦」で、第209連隊と第213連隊の間にギャップができ、前線が不完全なまま放置されていたので、英国軍は8月10日のより大きい局地攻撃の前の数日間はそれを利用しようとした。

＞Capture of Westhoek
Main article: Capture of Westhoek
German pillbox, Flanders 1917
The ground on the Gheluvelt Plateau had been churned by artillery-fire and became a sea of mud, flooded shell craters, fallen trees and barbed wire. Troops were quickly tired by rain, mud, massed artillery bombardments and lack of food and water; rapid relief of units spread the exhaustion through all the infantry despite the lines being held by fresh divisions.
⇒ウェストホークの攻略
主要な記事：ウェストホークの攻略
ドイツ軍のピルボックス、フランドル1917年
ゲルヴェルト高原の地面は、砲火によって撹乱され、泥、氾濫した砲弾痕、倒れた木、および有刺鉄線の散乱する海となった。軍隊は、雨、泥、大量の大砲砲撃、および食物や水の不足によって急速に疲弊した。部隊の迅速な救援で、新鮮な師団によって保持される戦線にもかかわらず、消耗がすべての歩兵隊間に蔓延した。

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