Allgemeines über Stellungsbau - Principles of Field Fortification
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Allgemeines über Stellungsbau (Principles of Field Fortification) was a publication in January 1917 that introduced new defensive strategies along the Western Front.
It emphasized the use of outpost zones held by sentries and larger positions held by Stosstrupps to recapture sentry-posts by counter-attack.
The publication also emphasized the importance of decentralization and the use of small infantry detachments equipped with automatic weapons.
和訳をお願いします。
Allgemeines über Stellungsbau (Principles of Field Fortification) was published in January 1917 and by April an outpost zone (Vorpostenfeld) held by sentries, had been built along the Western Front. Sentries could retreat to larger positions (Gruppennester) held by Stosstrupps (five men and an NCO per Trupp), who would join the sentries to recapture sentry-posts by immediate counter-attack. Defensive procedures in the battle zone were similar but with greater numbers. The front trench system was the sentry line for the battle zone garrison, which was allowed to move away from concentrations of enemy fire and then counter-attack to recover the battle and outpost zones; such withdrawals were envisaged as occurring on small parts of the battlefield which had been made untenable by Allied artillery fire, as the prelude to Gegenstoss in der Stellung (immediate counter-attack within the position). Such a decentralised battle by large numbers of small infantry detachments would present the attacker with unforeseen obstructions. Resistance from troops equipped with automatic weapons, supported by observed artillery fire, would increase the further the advance progressed. A school was opened in January 1917 to teach infantry commanders the new methods.
＞Allgemeines über Stellungsbau (Principles of Field Fortification) was published in January 1917 and by April an outpost zone (Vorpostenfeld) held by sentries, had been built along the Western Front. Sentries could retreat to larger positions (Gruppennester) held by Stosstrupps (five men and an NCO* per Trupp), who would join the sentries to recapture sentry-posts by immediate counter-attack. Defensive procedures in the battle zone were similar but with greater numbers.
⇒「陣地建設の原則」（戦場陣地強化の原則）は、1917年1月に出版されて、4月までに、哨兵の占拠する前哨基地地帯が西部戦線に沿って造られた。哨兵は、突撃班（１班につき5人の兵士と１人の士官*）によって占拠されるより大きな陣地へ退くことができた。そして、その突撃班は、即時の反撃によって哨戒陣地を取り戻すために哨兵に加勢するものとされた。交戦地帯の防御手順は、より大きな軍勢の場合もほとんど同じである。
＊NCO(Noncommissioned Officer)：辞令を受けていない士官で、いわば「無任所将校」。
＞The front trench system was the sentry line for the battle zone garrison, which was allowed to move away from concentrations of enemy fire and then counter-attack to recover the battle and outpost zones; such withdrawals were envisaged as occurring on small parts of the battlefield which had been made untenable by Allied artillery fire, as the prelude to Gegenstoss in der Stellung (immediate counter-attack within the position).
⇒前線の塹壕システムは、交戦地帯駐屯軍のための哨兵戦線であって、それは敵の砲火の集中射撃から逃れて立ち去り、そのあとで戦いと前哨基地を回復するために反撃することを許された。そのような撤退は、連合国軍の大砲砲火によって維持できなくなった戦場の小さな部分で「陣地中の即時反撃」の前哨戦として起こるものとして構想された。
＞Such a decentralised battle by large numbers of small infantry detachments would present the attacker with unforeseen obstructions. Resistance from troops equipped with automatic weapons, supported by observed artillery fire, would increase the further the advance progressed. A school was opened in January 1917 to teach infantry commanders the new methods.
⇒多くの歩兵連隊の小分遣隊によるそのような分散する戦いは、思いがけない障害を攻撃者に突きつけるだろう。自動兵器を装備した軍隊からの抵抗は、観察（で目星をつけた）大砲砲火によって支えられて、進撃する進軍をさらに増やすだろう。1917年1月には、歩兵連隊指揮官に新しい方法を教えるための学校が開かれた。
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