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質問

The increased amount of heavy artillery was to be used to destroy German concrete shelters and machine-gun nests, which were more numerous in German "battle zones", than the "outpost zones" which had been captured in July and August and to engage in more counter-battery fire. Few German concrete pill-boxes and machine gun nests had been destroyed during earlier preparatory bombardments and attempts at precision bombardment between attacks had also failed. The 112 heavy and 210 field guns and howitzers in the Second Army on 31 July, were increased to 575 heavy and medium and 720 field guns and howitzers for the battle, which was equivalent to one artillery piece for every 5 ft (1.5 m) of the attack front and more than double the density in the Battle of Pilckem Ridge.
Plumer's tactical refinements sought to undermine the German defence by making a shallower penetration and then fighting the principal battle against German counter-attack (Eingreif) divisions. By further reorganising infantry reserves, Plumer ensured that the depth of the attacking divisions roughly corresponded to the depth of local German counter-attack reserves and their Eingreif divisions. More infantry was provided for the later stages of the advance, to defeat German counter-attacks, by advancing no more than 1,500 yd (1,400 m) before consolidating their position. When the Germans counter-attacked they would encounter a British defence-in-depth, protected by artillery and suffer heavy casualties to little effect, rather than the small and disorganised groups of British infantry that the Germans had driven back to the black line on the XIX Corps front on 31 July.

Minor operations
During a lull in early September, both sides tried to improve their positions; on 1 September, a determined German attack at Inverness Copse was repulsed. Further north in the XIX Corps area, a battalion of the 61st Division rushed Hill 35 but only took a small area; another attempt on 3 September failed.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The increased amount of heavy artillery was to be used to destroy German concrete shelters and machine-gun nests, which were more numerous in German "battle zones", than the "outpost zones" which had been captured in July and August and to engage in more counter-battery fire. Few German concrete pill-boxes and machine gun nests had been destroyed during earlier preparatory bombardments and attempts at precision bombardment between attacks had also failed.
⇒数量を加増した重砲で、ドイツ軍のコンクリート製避難施設および機関銃巣を破壊し、より多くの反砲撃砲火をもって交戦することになっていた。この避難施設や機関銃巣は、7月、8月に攻略した「哨戒陣地帯」よりも多くドイツ軍の「戦闘地帯」的であった。初期の予備砲撃の間には、このコンクリート製ピルボックスや機関銃巣はほとんど破壊されていなかった。さらに攻撃の間の、高精度砲撃の試みもまた失敗した。

＞The 112 heavy and 210 field guns and howitzers in the Second Army on 31 July, were increased to 575 heavy and medium and 720 field guns and howitzers for the battle, which was equivalent to one artillery piece for every 5 ft (1.5 m) of the attack front and more than double the density in the Battle of Pilckem Ridge.
⇒第2方面軍の第112重砲隊、第210野戦砲曲射砲隊では、7月31日、今度の戦いのために重砲・中砲を575門に、野戦砲・曲射砲を720門に加増した。これは攻撃前線で5フィート（1.5m）ごとに1台の大砲というに等しく、「ピルケム・リッジの戦い」における密度の2倍以上であった。

＞Plumer's tactical refinements sought to undermine the German defence by making a shallower penetration and then fighting the principal battle against German counter-attack (Eingreif) divisions. By further reorganising infantry reserves, Plumer ensured that the depth of the attacking divisions roughly corresponded to the depth of local German counter-attack reserves and their Eingreif divisions. More infantry was provided for the later stages of the advance, to defeat German counter-attacks, by advancing no more than 1,500 yd (1,400 m) before consolidating their position.
⇒プルーマーの戦術改良は、まずはより浅い侵入をし、それから、ドイツ軍の反撃（アイングリーフ）師団に対する主要攻撃を挑んでいくことによって、ドイツ軍の防御を徐々に蝕む、ということを探求した。プルーマーは、予備歩兵隊をさらに再編成することによって、師団の攻撃の深さ（厚み）が、地方のドイツ軍の反撃予備隊、およびアイングリーフ師団の深さと、大よそ一致することを保証した。ドイツ軍の反撃を破るため、陣地の強化統合をする前に1,500ヤード（1,400m）ばかり進むことによって、進軍の後の方の段階でより多くの歩兵が提供された。

＞When the Germans counter-attacked they would encounter a British defence-in-depth, protected by artillery and suffer heavy casualties to little effect, rather than the small and disorganised groups of British infantry that the Germans had driven back to the black line on the XIX Corps front on 31 July.
⇒ドイツ軍が反攻撃するとき、彼らは、英国軍の砲兵隊に守られた深い防衛陣に出会うことになるだろう。そして、7月31日にドイツ軍が第XIX軍団の黒線部に追い返した英国軍歩兵隊の小規模の乱れたグループよりも、小さい効果にして甚大な死傷者数を被ることになるだろう。

＞Minor operations
During a lull in early September, both sides tried to improve their positions; on 1 September, a determined German attack at Inverness Copse was repulsed. Further north in the XIX Corps area, a battalion of the 61st Division rushed Hill 35 but only took a small area; another attempt on 3 September failed.
⇒少規模作戦行動
9月初めの小康の間に、両軍ともに自軍の陣地を改善しようとした。9月1日は、インヴァーネス雑木林での決定的なドイツ軍の攻撃だったが、これは追い返された。第XIX軍団地域のさらに北で、第61師団の１個大隊が35番ヒルに突撃を仕かけたけれども、小さい地域を奪取しただけであった。9月3日の別の攻撃は失敗した。

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