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Reserve formations of infantry, artillery, cavalry and tanks were to be made ready behind the Fifth and Second armies, to exploit a successful attack. Gough and Plumer replied over the next couple of days, that they felt that the proposals were premature and that exploitation would not be feasible until Passchendaele ridge had been captured as far as Westroosebeke. Capturing the ridge would probably take two more steps at three-day intervals, followed by another four days to repair roads over the captured ground. Haig explained that although exploitation of the attack due on 10 October was not certain, he desired the arrangements to be made since they could be used at a later date.

British offensive preparations
Main article: The British set-piece attack in late 1917
The British tactical refinements had sought to undermine the German defence-in-depth, by limiting objectives to a shallower penetration and then fighting the principal battle against Eingreif divisions as they counter-attacked, rather than against the local defenders. By further reorganising the infantry reserves, Plumer had ensured that the depth of the attacking divisions corresponded closer to the depth of the local German counter-attack reserves and their Eingreif divisions, providing more support for the advance and consolidation against German counter-attacks. Divisions attacked on narrower fronts and troops advanced no more than 1,500 yd (1,400 m) into the German defence zone, before consolidating their position. When the Germans counter-attacked, they encountered a reciprocal defence-in-depth, protected by a mass of artillery like the British green and black lines on 31 July and suffered many casualties to little effect. The tempo of the British operations added to the difficulty the Germans had in replacing tired divisions through the transport bottlenecks behind the German front.
The Battle of the Menin Road Ridge on 20 September, was the first attack with the more limited territorial objectives developed since 31 July, to benefit from the artillery reinforcements brought into the Second Army area and a pause of three weeks for preparation, during which the clouds dispersed and the sun began to dry the ground.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Reserve formations of infantry, artillery, cavalry and tanks were to be made ready behind the Fifth and Second armies, to exploit a successful attack. Gough and Plumer replied over the next couple of days, that they felt that the proposals were premature and that exploitation would not be feasible until Passchendaele ridge had been captured as far as Westroosebeke. Capturing the ridge would probably take two more steps at three-day intervals, followed by another four days to repair roads over the captured ground. Haig explained that although exploitation of the attack due on 10 October was not certain, he desired the arrangements to be made since they could be used at a later date.
⇒成功した攻撃を開発・利用するために、歩兵、砲兵、騎兵、および戦車の予備編成隊が、第5、第2方面軍隊の後方に準備されることになっていた。（しかし）ゴフとプルマーは、2, 3日越しに、その提案は時期尚早で、パッシェンデール尾根がウェストルーズベーケのところまで攻略されるまでは利用の実現は不可能だろう、と答えた。尾根を攻略するには、おそらくまだ3日間隔で2段階はかかるし、さらに攻略した地面上の道路修理のために引き続いてもう4日はかかるだろう。（ということで）ヘイグは、10月10日に当たる攻撃の利用は確かではないが、それより後の日付なら活かせるので、それに見合うような手配を望む旨説明した。

＞British offensive preparations
Main article: The British set-piece attack in late 1917
The British tactical refinements had sought to undermine the German defence-in-depth, by limiting objectives to a shallower penetration and then fighting the principal battle against Eingreif divisions as they counter-attacked, rather than against the local defenders. By further reorganising the infantry reserves, Plumer had ensured that the depth of the attacking divisions corresponded closer to the depth of the local German counter-attack reserves and their Eingreif divisions, providing more support for the advance and consolidation against German counter-attacks.
⇒英国軍の攻撃準備
主要な記事：1917年末の英国軍のセット・ピース（綿密な計画の）攻撃
英国軍の戦術的改良は、標的を浅く侵入することに制限し、それから局地的な守備隊よりむしろアイングリーフ師団が反攻撃するとき、それに対する主要な戦いをすることによってドイツ軍の防御機構を内部から崩していくことに努めた。プルマーは、ドイツ軍の攻撃師団の（懐の）深さと、局地的な反撃予備隊やアイングリーフ師団の深さとがより密接に呼応していると証言して、歩兵予備隊をさらに再編成することによってドイツ軍の反撃に対抗する進軍と強化のためにより多くの支援を提供した。

＞Divisions attacked on narrower fronts and troops advanced no more than 1,500 yd (1,400 m) into the German defence zone, before consolidating their position. When the Germans counter-attacked, they encountered a reciprocal defence-in-depth, protected by a mass of artillery like the British green and black lines on 31 July and suffered many casualties to little effect. The tempo of the British operations added to the difficulty the Germans had in replacing tired divisions through the transport bottlenecks behind the German front.
⇒数個師団が（相応の幅）より狭い前線を攻撃して、軍隊がドイツ軍の防御地帯に1,500ヤード（1,400m）ばかり進入し、そのあとで自軍の陣地を強化した。ドイツ軍が反攻撃したとき彼らは、7月31日の英国軍緑線部や黒線部の戦線のような大量の大砲によって保護された相対的に深い防御体制に遭遇して、わずかな効果に対して多くの死傷者数を被った。ドイツ軍の抱えていた困難に、英国軍の作戦行動の速度が加わった（追い打ちをかけた）。その困難とは、ドイツ軍前線の背後の輸送傷害のあるところを通って疲弊した師団を取り替えることであった。

＞The Battle of the Menin Road Ridge on 20 September, was the first attack with the more limited territorial objectives developed since 31 July, to benefit from the artillery reinforcements brought into the Second Army area and a pause of three weeks for preparation, during which the clouds dispersed and the sun began to dry the ground.
⇒9月20日の「メニン道リッジの戦い」は、第2方面軍地域にもたらされた砲兵隊の強化隊と、準備のための3週間の休止から利益を上げるために、7月31日以来開発されてきた制限を多くかけた領土的標的を狙う最初の攻撃であった。この準備の間に、雲が分散し、太陽が地面を乾燥させはじめた。

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