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質問

To overcome the German defensive system, which had been made more formidable by the unusually rainy weather in August, making movement much more difficult and forcing the British to keep to duck board tracks, easy to identify and bombard, objectives had been chosen which provided British infantry with good positions from which to face German counter-attacks, rather than to advance to the maximum distance before digging-in. The Fifth Army had set objectives much closer than 3,000–3,500 yd (2,700–3,200 m) after 31 July and the Second Army methods of September were based on SS 144 The Normal Formation for the Attack (February 1917), reflecting the experience of the fighting in August and to exploit opportunities made possible by the reinforcement of the Flanders front with another 626 artillery pieces by Sir Douglas Haig, during the operational pause before 20 September. The methods based on the Second Army Note of 31 August, had proved themselves on 20 September and were to be repeated.
The attack of 20 September, had used the extra infantry made available by narrowing attack frontages and increasing the number of divisions, to have greater depth than those of August, with several widely spaced lines of infantry in front of section columns, snaking round shell-holes and patches of mud, ready to surround German pillboxes, with increased numbers of support waves ready to leap-frog through and reserves ready to intervene, during delays and German counter-attacks. Intermediate objectives were chosen which required a shorter distance to be covered and the number of infantry attacking the first objective were reduced, since the German garrisons in the forward defended areas were small and dispersed. British troops involved in the first advance were lightly equipped, to allow them to move more quickly, to avoid German counter-barrages and get through the relatively empty area up to the first objective.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞To overcome the German defensive system, which had been made more formidable by the unusually rainy weather in August, making movement much more difficult and forcing the British to keep to duck board tracks, easy to identify and bombard, objectives had been chosen which provided British infantry with good positions from which to face German counter-attacks, rather than to advance to the maximum distance before digging-in.
⇒ドイツ軍の防御システムは8月の異常な雨天によって一層手ごわいものになり、攻撃活動がさらに難しくなって、同定して攻撃するのが簡単な敷板道を維持することを英国軍に強制した。その防御システムを克服するために、最大距離まで進軍して塹壕を掘るより前に、むしろ英国軍歩兵連隊にとってドイツ軍の反撃に対峙するのに具合のよい陣地を提供するような標的が選ばれた。

＞The Fifth Army had set objectives much closer than 3,000–3,500 yd (2,700–3,200 m) after 31 July and the Second Army methods of September were based on SS 144 The Normal Formation for the Attack (February 1917), reflecting the experience of the fighting in August and to exploit opportunities made possible by the reinforcement of the Flanders front with another 626 artillery pieces by Sir Douglas Haig, during the operational pause before 20 September. The methods based on the Second Army Note of 31 August, had proved themselves on 20 September and were to be repeated.
⇒第5方面軍は、7月31日以後、3,000–3,500ヤード（2,700–3,200m）よりずっと近い標的を設定した。そして、9月の第2方面軍の攻撃のための方法は、正規編成SS 144の攻撃法（1917年2月）に基軸を置いた。それは8月の戦いの経験を反映していたが、9月20日の作戦行動休止の間にダグラス・ヘイグ卿がさらに626台の大砲でフランドル前線を強化したことによって可能になった機会を利用するためでもあった。その方法は、8月31日の「第2方面軍覚え書」に基づいて、9月20日に彼ら自身が検証して、繰り返されることになった。

＞The attack of 20 September, had used the extra infantry made available by narrowing attack frontages and increasing the number of divisions, to have greater depth than those of August, with several widely spaced lines of infantry in front of section columns, snaking round shell-holes and patches of mud, ready to surround German pillboxes, with increased numbers of support waves ready to leap-frog through and reserves ready to intervene, during delays and German counter-attacks.
⇒9月20日の攻撃は、前線部の攻撃範囲を狭くし、師団数を増やすことによって流用可能となった余分の歩兵連隊を使ったが、それは地区縦隊の前線で広く間隔をあけた歩兵連隊の戦線によって、8月の場合より大きな深度を擁するためであった。その縦隊は、馬跳びする準備のできている加増数の支援波と、遅れやドイツ軍の反撃の間、介入する準備ができている予備軍とで、砲弾痕と泥の斑点部の周りを蛇行してドイツ軍のピルボックスを包囲する準備をした。

＞Intermediate objectives were chosen which required a shorter distance to be covered and the number of infantry attacking the first objective were reduced, since the German garrisons in the forward defended areas were small and dispersed. British troops involved in the first advance were lightly equipped, to allow them to move more quickly, to avoid German counter-barrages and get through the relatively empty area up to the first objective.
⇒中間の標的は、援護しやすいように短い距離しか要しないものが選ばれて、最初の標的を攻撃する歩兵連隊の数が減らされた。前方で守るドイツ地域の駐屯軍が小規模でかつ分散していたからである。最初の進軍に関わる英国軍は、敏速に動けるように軽装をしてドイツ軍の報復集中砲火を避け、最初の標的まで比較的空いた地域を通り抜けた。

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