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質問

In World War I, the partitioners of Poland fought each other, with the German Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire aligned against the Russian Empire. The Polish Legions in Austro-Hungary were created by Józef Piłsudski in order to exploit these divisions, serving as one of his primary tools for restoring Polish independence.

The Polish Legions first arrived in the vicinity of Kostiuchnówka during the advance of the Central Powers in the summer and autumn of 1915, taking Kostiuchnówka on September 27, 1915.　That autumn they experienced heavy fighting, with each side trying to take control of the region; a less known battle of Kostiuchnówka took place from November 3 to 10; the Russians managed to make some advances, taking the Polish Hill, but were expelled by the Polish forces on September 10. Polish forces held Kostiuchnówka, and due to their successes in defending their positions, several landmarks in the Kostiuchnówka region became known as "Polish" (called such by Polish as well as by allied German-speaking troops): a key hill overlooking the area became the Polish Hill (Polish: Polska Góra), a nearby forest – the Polish Forest (Polski Lasek), a nearby bridge over the Garbach – the Polish Bridge (Polski Mostek), and the key fortified trench line – Piłsudski's Redoubt (Reduta Piłsudskiego).　Polish soldiers built several large wooden camps; the larger of which was known as Legionowo (where the Polish HQ was located).　During late autumn, winter and spring no one saw any major moves by either sides, but this changed drastically with the launching of the Brusilov Offensive in June 1916. The Brusilov Offensive would be a major Russian victory, and the greatest of Austro-Hungarian defeats.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞In World War I, the partitioners of Poland fought each other, with the German Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire aligned against the Russian Empire. The Polish Legions in Austro-Hungary were created by Józef Piłsudski in order to exploit these divisions, serving as one of his primary tools for restoring Polish independence.The Polish Legions first arrived in the vicinity of Kostiuchnówka during the advance of the Central Powers in the summer and autumn of 1915, taking Kostiuchnówka on September 27, 1915.
⇒第一次世界大戦におけるポーランド分割者は、ロシア帝国に対して提携同盟するドイツ帝国とオーストリア‐ハンガリー帝国で、互いに争った。オーストリア‐ハンガリー内のポーランド軍団は、これらの分割境界を利用するためにジョーゼフ・ピルスドスキによって設立された。そして、ポーランドの独立を元に戻すための主要な道具（手先）の1つとして役立てた。ポーランド軍団は、1915年の夏と秋に、同盟国軍の進軍の間、コスチュチノフカの近くに最初に到着した。そして、1915年9月27日にコスチュチノフカを奪取した。

＞That autumn they experienced heavy fighting, with each side trying to take control of the region; a less known battle of Kostiuchnówka took place from November 3 to 10; the Russians managed to make some advances, taking the Polish Hill, but were expelled by the Polish forces on September 10.
⇒その秋、両陣営が地域を支配しようとして、激しい戦いを経験した。コスチュチノフカの、あまり知られていない闘争が11月3日から10日にかけて起こった。ロシア軍は何とかして進軍し、ポリッシュ・ヒル（ポーランドの丘）を奪取したが、9月10日にポーランド軍団によって追放された。

＞Polish forces held Kostiuchnówka, and due to their successes in defending their positions, several landmarks in the Kostiuchnówka region became known as "Polish" (called such by Polish as well as by allied German-speaking troops): a key hill overlooking the area became the Polish Hill (Polish: Polska Góra), a nearby forest – the Polish Forest (Polski Lasek), a nearby bridge over the Garbach – the Polish Bridge (Polski Mostek), and the key fortified trench line – Piłsudski's Redoubt (Reduta Piłsudskiego).
⇒ポーランド軍団はコスチュチノフカを掌握し、陣地を守ることに成功したおかげで、コスチュチノフカ地域の幾つかのランドマーク（識別標識）が、"Polish"《ポーランドのもの》（ポーランドならびに同盟国のドイツ語を話す軍隊によってそう呼ばれた）として知られるようになった。すなわち、地域を見渡す重要な丘が《ポーランドの丘》（ポーランド語では、Polska Góra）となり、（以下、それぞれ）近くの森 – 《ポーランドの森》（Polski Lasek）、近くのガルバッチ川上の橋 – 《ポーランドの橋》（Polski Mostek）、および重要な要塞塹壕線 – 《ピルスドスキの砦》（Reduta Piłsudskiego）などとなったのである。

＞Polish soldiers built several large wooden camps; the larger of which was known as Legionowo (where the Polish HQ was located).
⇒ポーランドの兵士が幾つかの大きな木造のキャンプ施設を建てた。そのうちの大きいものがレジオノウォ（ポーランドの司令部が所在した）として知られた。

＞During late autumn, winter and spring no one saw any major moves by either sides, but this changed drastically with the launching of the Brusilov Offensive in June 1916. The Brusilov Offensive would be a major Russian victory, and the greatest of Austro-Hungarian defeats.
⇒晩秋、冬と春の間は、誰にも、どちらの側にも、いかなる大きな動きは見られなかった。しかし、これが、1916年6月にブルシーロフ攻撃の開始をもって劇的に変わった。そのブルシーロフ攻撃はロシア軍の大勝利であり、オーストリア－ハンガリー軍の最大の敗北であったと見られる。

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