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The Challenging Task of Predicting Tropical Cyclones
oigniesの回答
回答者１の回答でさほど問題ないのですが、１、２点気づいたことを指摘させていただきます。 まず、日本語の問題ですが、むつかしい、は日本ととして正確な標準語ではありません。 むずかしい、です。外国人がきくと、むつかしい、と話しているように聞こえるかもしれません が、正確には、むずかしい、です。 そして、ｈｅｌｐ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｏ ｅｖａｃｕａｔｅｎについては 「人々が避難の決断をくだす手助けとなる」の意味で、「避難させる決定をくだす」の意味では ないでしょう。 また、嵐については、日本語では、文学表現として、また、口語的にもちいることはあっても 気象関係のニュースを報道する用語としても、専門用語としてももちいませんので、「暴風雨」 と訳す必要があるかと思います。 暴風雨の発達等についてのべたくだりについては、 「暴風雨は、深度が深く水温の高いという条件下で発達しやすい一方、波が高いという条件 では、発達がおさえられ、上陸後は勢いをうしなってゆく」くらいです。ｂｕｔでつながっている わけではありませんが、つながっているかのように訳したほうが、意味がとりやすい訳文と なります。
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サイクロンに関する文章を和訳しているのですが， 次の2文だけどうしても訳せないので，どなたか和訳お願いします． The earth’s rotation causes the growing storm to start to rotate around its center (called the eye). Forecasters do know that storms are often energized where ocean water is deep and warm, that high waves tend to reduce their force, and that when tropical cyclones move over land, they begin to die.
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できるだけ、極端な意訳はなしで訳していただけると助かります。 スペルには注意しましたが、もしあったらすみません。 お願い致します。 Weather forecasting is the science of predicting what the weather will be like―weather we can expect rain, snow or sunny day. In japan, it goes back over 100 years. The first public weather forecast was posted in police boxes in Tokyo on June 1, 1884. Today, the Japan Meteorological Agency（JMA） is largely responsible for weather prediction. Weather forecasting is a very complicated process, involving short‐range and long‐range forecasts. This is accomplished by collecting data on such factors as wind speed, water vapor and atmospheric pressure. These data are gathered mainly from satellites and from meteorological centers around the world. The data is then studied and processed and sent to local areas in the form of forecasts. Most weather forecasting these days is computerized. Weather prediction is obviously vital for the economy. Farmers, airplane pilots, ship captains, fisherman all have to know what kind of weather to expect in order to do their jobs and make their contributions to the economy. Whether forecasting is a service industry, which means that it does not sell a product, as department stores do, but gives out information and knowledge. It does the same type of thing that an engineering consulting firm does, for example. Weather forecasting is undergoing many changes in Japan. In 1994, special tests for people who want to be weather forecasters were introduced. On May 18, 1995, the Japanese government liberalized the field, which means that private companies can now engage in weather forecasting. While the JMA is still largely responsible for Japan´s weather forecasting, more and more private companies are entering this new business, which can be very profitable. Foe example, one company specializes in providing data to private individuals such as golfers and tourists. For a certain fee, customers can call up and get information over the telephone on what the weather will be like. The main difference between JMA and private companies is that, as a rule, private companies specialize in predicting weather in very small areas, such as around a golf course, or at the site of a soccer game, whereas the JMA looks after far larger areas. In other words, private companies concentrate on areas that are of interest to more specialized groups. 以上です。
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訳があっているかみてください。あと、2文分からないのでその訳を教えてください。 Each year, lightning kills an average of 73 people in the U.S. 毎年、稲妻による死亡者がアメリカの中で73人ほどいます。 That's more deaths than tornadoes, hurricanes, or winter storms cause. Among storm-related dangers, only flash floods kill more people than lightning does. 嵐に関する危険のなかで、稲妻による死亡者を上回るのは水鉄砲だけです。 Summer is the peak season for lightning deaths and injuries. That's because summer storms bring a great deal of lightning. 夏は稲妻による死亡者や負傷者が最も多い時期です。 Also, people tend to spend more time outdoors in the summer. さらに、人々は夏に外で過ごす時間が多い傾向にあります。 Few people are aware of how much risk lightning poses. ほとんどの人々は稲妻が及ぼす危険について気づいていない。 That may be because lightning usually kills only one or two people at a time. それは、通常、稲妻による死亡者が1度に1,2人しかいないからかもしれません。 Further-more, it does not cause the level of visible damage that tornadoes and hurricanes do.
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suggestible=被暗示性、という心理学用語ですm(_ _)m We are suggestible,ready to take ideas from others and make them our own. Suggestbility descnbes why people believe something that never happened. They become convinced because they are told about an event. They see it in movies,and they hear about it. So they combine theae thoughts into false memories―――but not real ones. Psychologists believe that many childｈｏｏｄ memories are created by parents for their children. They tell the child that something happened: "Remember when we went to the seaehore？' And the child collects beach and vacation ideas into a memory. Propaganda is delibetately telling people ideas that you went them to believe. Advertising is another form of suggesting to people,and people of all ages tend to believe advertising. All of us are suggestible; children are particularly so.
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自力で和訳してみたのですが、あまり英語は得意ではないので自信がありません。 ですので、訂正をお願いできますでしょうか。 長文ですがお願いします。 We call them by sweet-sounding names like Firinga or Katrina, but they are huge rotating storms 200 to 2,000 kilometers wide with winds that blow at speeds of more than 100 kilometers per hour. 私たちはそれらをフィリンガまたはカトリーナのような甘い響きの名前で呼ぶが、それらは、風速100キロメートル毎時以上で幅2～2,000キロメーターまで回転する巨大な嵐だ。 Weather professionals, or meteorologists, know them as tropical cyclones, but they are called hurricanes in the Caribbean Sea, typhoons in the Pacific Ocean, and cyclones in the Indian Ocean. 天気のプロまたは気象学者はそれらを熱帯低気圧として知っている、しかしそれらはカリブ海のハリケーン、太平洋の台風とインド洋のサイクロンと呼ばれている。 They occur in both the northern and southern hemispheres. それらは、南北の半球に生息します。 Large ones have destroyed cities and killed hundreds of thousands of people. 大きなものは都市を破壊して、何十万人もの人々を殺した。 We know that tropical cyclones begin over water that is warmer than 27 degrees Celsius (80 degrees Fahrenheit) slightly north or south of the earth’s equator. わずかに北に、摂氏27度（華氏80度）より暖かい水または地球の赤道の南の上に、熱帯低気圧が生まれるということを、私たちは知っている。 Warm, humid air full of water vapor moves upward. 水蒸気でいっぱいの暖かい、湿った空気は、上へ動く。 The earth’s rotation causes the growing storm to start to rotate around its center (called the eye). 地球の回転は、発達する嵐がその真ん中（目と呼ばれる）のまわりを回転し始める原因になる。 At a certain height, the water vapor condenses, changing to liquid and releasing heat. 特定の高さで、水蒸気は凝結し、液体に変わって、熱を放つ。 The heat draws more air and water vapor upward, creating a cycle as air and water vapor rise and liquid water falls. 熱は上へより多くの空気と水蒸気を吸い込み、空気と水蒸気が上がり、液体の水が落ちるというサイクルをつくる。 If the cycle speeds up until winds reach 118 kilometers per hour, the storm qualifies. 風が毎時118キロメートルに達するまでにそのサイクルが速くなるなら、嵐は弱まる。 Most deaths in tropical cyclones are caused by storm surge. 熱帯低気圧による死のほとんどが、暴風による高潮によって引き起こされる。 This is a rise in sea level, sometimes seven meters or more, caused by the storm pushing against the ocean’s surface. 時々おこる7メートル以上の海面の上昇は海の表面を押している嵐に起因する。 Storm surge was to blame for the flooding of New Orleans in 2005. 暴風による高潮は、2005年にニューオリンズの氾濫に対して責任があった。 The storm surge of Cyclone Nargis in 2008 in Myanmar pushed seawater nearly four meters deep some 40 kilometers inland, resulting in many deaths. ミャンマーの2008年のCyclone Nargisの暴風による高潮は海水をほぼ4メートル深く、内陸で約40キロメートル押し、結果として多くの死が生まれた。
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SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY In 1975, Dowd proposed a different way of explaining this question. Dowd proposed that retirement is actually a sort of social contract that the person makes with society.They obtain increased leisure time, and an 'honourable discharge' from the idea that all responsible members of society ought to work as hard as possible - the Protestant Work Ethic-and in return, they give up their involvement in how society's affairs are run. This social exchange is seen, according to Dowd, as a fair trade, both by society and by old people. More recently, however, people are showing sings of being less prepared to accept this type of social contract. After all, we live much longer now than we did when retirement was first introdused, and we keep our health for longer, too; so it is much more practical for people to continue to take an active part in society. Among business and professional people, it is not at all uncommon for retirement to signal the beginning of a second career, and a much more independent one that allows them to use their experience, such as working as a consultant. In other groups of society, too, people are beginning to see retirement as an opportunity to do new things. Organizations like the University of the Third Age encourage retired people to develop new hobbies and pursue new interests, and are becoming more popular and successful all the time. Many psychologists now take the view that successful retirement is all about making sure that you acquire new social roles, to replace the ones that you have lost through work, and activities of this sort are exactly the way that people do that. Insight Having responsibilities and being needed seem to be the core of successful retirement. That can take many forms: some people feel needed by their gardens, and devote much of their time to taking care of them; while others take on more social responsibilities.
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The stereotypes associated with old people are particularly unpleasant. They are often regarded as sick, stupid, or even dirty. Because a minority of old people become confused, or suffer from mental disorders such as Alzhimer's disease, it is assumed that any old person is likely to become mentally incapacitated -although, in fact, the evidence is very different. Because of this, the positive contributions which older people can make to social events and processes are often overlooked, or simply ignored. Recently, a number of organizations and individuals have begun to challenge these stereotypes about ageing, and there is some indication that attitudes are beginning to change. But there is still a long way to go. Insight The negative view that we have of old people is like other stereotypes, having a small grain of truth in some cases but a lot of exceptions. Interestingly , although old people also share this negative stereotype, they almost always see themselves as one of the exceptions. So who is left to fit the stereotype? RETIREMENT AND RESPONSIBILITY Some people who reach reach retiring age, though, still hold to the old negative ideas about retirement. Sometimes they feel that society has simply thrown them away, even though they are as fit as ever. But sometimes they interpret any aches and pains as being evidence that they are becoming old and useless, so they stop doing activities which would help them to keep fit. Anyone will grow infirm if they do nothing all day but sit in the house and watch TV- muscles need exercise to keep toned, and a healthy retirement means an active one. Also, feeling socially useless is a major source of stress and helplessness. Without another source of self-esteem, such as a hobby or voluntary work, people can become extremely depressed, and appear to give up on active living.
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so intimate is the relation between a language and the people who speak it that the two can scarcely be thought of apart. A language lives only so long as there are people who speak it and use it as native tongue, and its greatness is only that given to it by these people. 質問部分 最後の部分greatness is only that given to it by these people.のitがなにを示しているのかがわかりません。 ちなみに参考書の和訳にはこういった人々によって与えられる偉大さにほかならない。と書かれています。 よろしくお願いします
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和訳をお願いします 長くなってすみません(>_<) Susan Morton submitted the third opinion selected for publication. Research has shown that there are health benefits to having pets, and that is an important advantage of pet ownership that is often overlookd when discussing the pros and cons of pets. Studies have found that they can lower people's blood pressure and cholesterol levels and ease feelings of loneliness. There are other health benefits as well. Walking a dog provides exercise for both the dog's owner and the dog. Many elderly people who live alone find that a cat or dog makes an excellent companion, and studies have found that elderly people with pets have lower rates of depression. In this way, pets benefit both our physical and mental health.
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Or perhaps we should say rather that the dichotomy between primitive and revealed religions is false, for there is a sense in which all religious are religions of revelation; the world around them and their reason have everywhere revealed to people something of the divine, of their own nature and destiny.
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