モーツァルトの楽譜の前書き

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  • モーツァルトが作曲にあたって、コロレド大司教の指示に従わなければならなかったことがわかりました。また、ミサ曲の長さが17分ほどであり、ミサの式典自体は45分でありながら、音楽に使える時間がとても短かったことが分かりました。
  • ポリフォニーはトリエント公会議で禁止されたが、にもかかわらず雀ミサにおいては使われ、グロリアとクレドでグレゴリオ聖歌に相当する部分よりも時間が短くなったことが分かりました。
  • 英語の楽譜の前書きの訳について、一部の解釈が難しい部分があり、訳が正しいかどうかについて疑問を持っています。特に、16行目の部分が頭を悩ませています。
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モーツァルトの楽譜の前書き

趣味で合唱をしています。 今、モーツァルトのハ長調ミサKV220(雀ミサ)に取り組んでいます。 この楽譜がベーレンライター社の物で、前書きがドイツ語と英語の2つ書かれているのです。 英語の方を訳してみたのですが、いくつかわからない点があります。 PREFACE Mozart composed the Missa brevis in C KV 220 (196b),the later so-called Sparrow Mass, in Munich in February 1775. The mass was intended for Salzburg Cathedral however,as Mozart was in the employ of Archbishop Colloredo of Salzburg. When composing the work,Mozart thus had to fall into line with the archbishop's instructions, which allowed a total duration of only 45 minutes for a High Mass, even if he himself was celebrat- ing it. As this also meant that little time could be given over to church music, Mozart had to leave out any form of imitative compositional style. The choir is treated homophonically virtually through- out the work, although various text passages in the Gloria and the Credo are actually to be heard superimposed.Although this form of polytexture had been forbidden since the Council of Trento, it was nevertheless often used and has resulted in the case of the Sparrow Mass - which owes its name to the chirping violin figures in the Sanctus and in the Hosanna of the Benedictus - in the Gloria and Credo taking almost less time than their respective Gregorian counterparts.  This arrangement for solo voices, chorus and organ is based on the urtext of the New Mozart Edition. lt can be played on any two-manual instrument. Directions for registration have delib- erately not been included, as this will largely depend on chorus strength and of course the spe- cification of the particular organ. However it will certainly help to have the original tonal design in mind. This arrangement does not demand that the orchestral sound be imitated with the means of the organ;it would merely like to offer a self- contained version tailored to this medium of per- formance.               Christoph Heimbucher ・1つ目 モーツァルトが作曲にあたって、コロレド大司教の指示に従わなければならなかったのはわかりました。 ミサ典礼の全体の時間が45分とありますが、このミサ曲の長さは17分ほどです。 この45分というのが誤植でないならば、ミサの式典自体は45分で、その中で音楽に使える時間がとても短かったということになりますが、この読み方であっていますでしょうか? ・2つめ 16行目の「Although~Gregorian counterparts.」の部分の訳が一番頭を悩ませています。 「ポリフォニーはトリエント公会議で禁止されたが、にもかかわらず雀ミサ(サンクトゥスとベネディクトゥスのヴァイオリンのさえずりのようなモチーフによって名づけられた)においては、しばしば使われ、グロリアとクレドでグレゴリオ聖歌に相当する部分よりも時間が短くなった」 という訳になるかと思うのですが・・・実際には、グレゴリオ聖歌はグロリアとクレドの曲の冒頭でほんの数秒歌われるにすぎず、ポリフォニーの部分の方が長いのです。 私の訳が間違っているのでしょうか? 考えられる可能性は 1.私の訳が間違っている 2.私の解釈が間違っている 3.ドイツ語から英語に翻訳した人が間違えて訳した 4.私の知らないバージョンでは、グレゴリオ聖歌をもっと長く歌う という4つが挙げられるかと思いますが、3と4はまぁまずないと思います。 一応この部分のドイツ語も書いておきます。 Diese Form der Polytextur war zwar seit dem Konzil von Trient verboten, fand jedoch immer wieder Anwendung und fu¨hrte bei der Spatzenmesse, die ihren Namen den zir- penden violinfiguren im Sanctus und im Hosanna des Benedictus verdankt,dazu,dass Gloria und Credo beinahe weniger Zeit beanspruchen als ihre Jeweiligen gregorianischen Fassungen. 英文を読むのが久しぶりなもので、かなり苦戦しております。 音楽の専門知識がないと訳せない部分も多いですが、どなたかわかる方がいらっしゃったら、よろしくご回答お願いいたします。

  • 英語
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  • d-y
  • ベストアンサー率46% (1528/3312)
回答No.1

音楽は全く素人ですので、とんちんかんだったら、笑ってください。 (1つ目) ご質問者の解釈であっていると思います。 which allowed a total duration of only 45 minutes for a High Mass, even if he himself was celebrat- ing it. (大司教の指示では)大司教自ら執り行う(=正式なミサの式次第に従う)にもかかわらず、ミサ典礼の全体の時間を45分しか見ていなかった。 this also meant that little time could be given over to church music このことは、教会音楽に割当て可能な時間も少ししかないことを意味していた。 (2つめ) their respective Gregorian counterpartsをどのように解釈するかがキーだと思います。 私としては、「(他の一般的な)グレゴリオ聖歌における、グロリアおよびクレドに相当する部分」と解釈しました。 雀ミサのグロリア・クレドでは、ひとつの文句が終わってから次の文句に移るのでなく、複数の文句を同時に歌う(superimposeする)ので、全体の時間が短い。(繰り返したり、音を伸ばしたりという技巧が少ない)他の一般的なグレゴリオ聖歌におけるグロリア・クレドと比べても、雀ミサのグロリア・クレドのほうが、時間が短いくらいだ …のようなことではないでしょうか?

uribou5150
質問者

お礼

ご回答ありがとうございます。 雀ミサではグロリアとクレドにだけグレゴリオ聖歌からの引用が冒頭に入るので、「their respective Gregorian counterparts」はてっきりその部分のことだと思ってしまいました。 それに捕らわれすぎてしまっていました。 d-yさんの解釈だと文章の意味が通りますね。 グロリアとクレドは詩篇がとても長いので、それを短時間にするために工夫したということを言っているのですね。 納得できました。 音楽は全く素人とおっしゃいますが、ミサ典礼のことや、グレゴリオ聖歌のことなど、よくご存知で驚きました。 ありがとうございました。

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  • tjhiroko
  • ベストアンサー率52% (2281/4352)
回答No.2

2つ目についてですが、「ポリフォニー」とお書きですが、この文にはその単語はありませんよね。 グレゴリオ聖歌については無知ですが、今ちょっと検索してこのような文を見つけました。 >The Mass conforms to the standard model of the Missa brevis, in which some phrases of the Credo text are 'telescoped'; this means that various sections of the text are superimposed on others in the interest of brevity." Another term for "telescoped" text, of course, is "polytexture," the use of which was frowned upon by a later Archbishop of Salzburg, Count Hieronymus Colloredo. つまり、polytexture とはtelescoped text ということで、簡略にするためtext のsection(適切な訳を知りません)が他の部分に重ねられている、ということのようです。 ポリフォニーというのもこういう意味になりますか? それから > in the Gloria and Credo taking almost less time than their respective Gregorian counterparts. の部分ですが、ここは私も#1さんと同じく、雀ミサのグロリアとクレドの部分は、グレゴリオ聖歌でのグロリアとクレドの部分よりも短い、ということだと思いました。

uribou5150
質問者

お礼

ご回答ありがとうございます。 ポリフォニー(polyphony)とは、複数の異なる動きの声部(パート)が協和しあって進行する音楽のこと。ただ一つの声部しかない「モノフォニー」の対義語として、多声(部)音楽を意味する。(ウィキペディアより) 小難しい言い方でわかりにくいですが、つまりは複数のパートがそれぞれ独立したメロディーを別々に演奏するということですね。 「polytexture」をどう訳すか迷ったのですが、適切な訳が思い浮かばず、(音楽の世界では一般的な)ポリフォニーという言葉をあてはめました。 実際、ポリフォニーがトリエント公会議で禁止されたのも事実ですから。 (その後教会側もほとんど無視して見逃すしかないほど、流行してしまうのですが) 確かに、ここでは「詩が重なっている」ということが重要なので、「ポリフォニー」だと訳としては不十分でしたね。 この辺の説明を最初は書いていたのですが、字数オーバーで何度か書き直した際に、削ってしまいました。 余計なところでtjhirokoさんのお手を煩わせたようで、申し訳ありません。 2つめの質問のお礼については、#1さんへのお礼と内容が重なるので割愛いたします。 ありがとうございました。

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