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質問

The Battle of the Vistula River, also known as the Battle of Warsaw, was a Russian victory against the German Empire and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front during the First World War. By mid-September 1914 the Russians were driving the Austro-Hungarian Army deep into Galicia, threatening Krakow, and the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia was floundering. The armies that the Russian commander Grand Duke Nicholas was assembling in Poland were still enlarging, including the arrival of crack troops from Siberia, freed by the Japanese declaration of war against Germany on 23 August . Stavka (Russian supreme headquarters) intended for the forces assembled south of Warsaw—500,000 men and 2,400 guns—to march west to invade the German industrial area of Upper Silesia, which was almost undefended. On their Eastern Front the Germans had only one army, the Eighth, which was in East Prussia. It already had mauled two Russian armies at Tannenberg and at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes. To support the reeling Austro-Hungarian Armies, OHL (Oberste Heeresleitung, German supreme headquarters) formed a new German Ninth Army in Silesia, to be commanded by General Richard von Schubert, with Erich Ludendorff, transferred from Eighth army, as chief of staff. Ludendorff quickly evaluated the situation in Silesia and convinced the new commander at OHL, Erich von Falkenhayn, to strengthen the Ninth army and also to make Paul von Hindenburg commander of both German armies in the east. Ninth army, with headquarters in Breslau, consisted of the XVII, XX, XI, Guard Reserve and Landwehr Corps, as well as a mixed Landwehr Division from Silesia and the Saxon 8th Cavalry Division. In early October, the Army was reinforced by the 35th Reserve Division from East Prussia. Thus, Hindenburg had at his disposal 12 Infantry and one cavalry divisions. On 17 September papers from a dead German officer disclosed to the Russians that four German Corps, which they believed to be in East Prussia, were now in Silesia. To face the threat from Silesia, the Russians withdrew men from East Prussia and from the front facing the Austro-Hungarians The geographical barrier that separated the bulk of the opposing armies was the Vistula River. The Russian corps marching north to fill the gap moved along the east bank of the Vistula, which protected their left flanks. The troop movements involved both the Southwest Front commanded by Nikolay Iudovich Ivanov and the Northwest Front under Nikolai Ruzsky. Their movements were poorly coordinated.

The Battle of the Vistula River ヴィスワ川の戦い

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Battle of the Vistula River, also known as the Battle of Warsaw, was a Russian victory against the German Empire and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front during the First World War. By mid-September 1914 the Russians were driving the Austro-Hungarian Army deep into Galicia, threatening Krakow, and the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia was floundering. The armies that the Russian commander Grand Duke Nicholas was assembling in Poland were still enlarging, including the arrival of crack troops from Siberia, freed by the Japanese declaration of war against Germany on 23 August.
⇒「ワルシャワの戦い」としても知られる「ヴィスワ川の戦い」は、第一次世界大戦中の東部戦線でのドイツ帝国とオーストリア‐ハンガリーに対する、ロシアの勝利だった。1914年9月中旬までにロシア軍はオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍をガリツィアの奥深くまで追いやってクラクフを脅かしていたので、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍のセルビア侵攻はまごついていた。ロシア軍の司令官ニコラス大公がポーランドで集めていた方面軍はまだ拡大していたが、それというのも、8月23日のドイツに対する日本の宣戦布告によって解放されたシベリアから分岐して到着した軍隊が傘下に含まれたからであった。

＞Stavka (Russian supreme headquarters) intended for the forces assembled south of Warsaw—500,000 men and 2,400 guns—to march west to invade the German industrial area of Upper Silesia, which was almost undefended. On their Eastern Front the Germans had only one army, the Eighth, which was in East Prussia. It already had mauled two Russian armies at Tannenberg and at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes. To support the reeling Austro-Hungarian Armies, OHL (Oberste Heeresleitung, German supreme headquarters) formed a new German Ninth Army in Silesia, to be commanded by General Richard von Schubert, with Erich Ludendorff, transferred from Eighth army, as chief of staff.
⇒Stavka（ロシア軍最高司令部）は、ワルシャワ南部に集まった50万人の兵士と2,400丁の銃で、ほとんど無防備なドイツ軍上シレジアの工業地帯に侵入することを意図していた。東部戦線でドイツ軍が持っていた唯一の方面軍は、東プロイセンの第8方面軍であった。それは、すでにタンネンベルクと「第一次マズーリ湖の戦い」でロシア軍の2個方面軍を攻撃していた。OHL（ドイツ軍最高司令部）は、動揺するオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍を支援するために、参謀長として第8方面軍から移ったリチャード・フォン・シューベルト将軍が指揮する新しい第9方面軍を編成した。

＞Ludendorff quickly evaluated the situation in Silesia and convinced the new commander at OHL, Erich von Falkenhayn, to strengthen the Ninth army and also to make Paul von Hindenburg commander of both German armies in the east. Ninth army, with headquarters in Breslau, consisted of the XVII, XX, XI, Guard Reserve and Landwehr Corps, as well as a mixed Landwehr Division from Silesia and the Saxon 8th Cavalry Division. In early October, the Army was reinforced by the 35th Reserve Division from East Prussia. Thus, Hindenburg had at his disposal 12 Infantry and one cavalry divisions.
⇒ルデンドルフは直ちにシレジアの状況を査定し、第9方面軍を強化するようにOHLの新しい司令官エーリッヒ・フォン・ファルケンハインを説得し、また東部の両ドイツ方面軍を強化するようパウル・フォン・ヒンデンブルク司令官を説得した。ブレスラウに本部を置く第9方面軍は、第XVII、第XX、第XI、護衛予備隊、およびランドヴェルの各軍団、ならびにシレジアのランドヴェル師団およびサクソン第8騎兵師団などから構成されていた。10月上旬、この方面軍は東プロイセンから来た第35予備師団によって強化された。したがって、ヒンデンブルクは歩兵12個師団と騎兵1個師団を自由に使うことができた。

＞On 17 September papers from a dead German officer disclosed to the Russians that four German Corps, which they believed to be in East Prussia, were now in Silesia. To face the threat from Silesia, the Russians withdrew men from East Prussia and from the front facing the Austro-Hungarians The geographical barrier that separated the bulk of the opposing armies was the Vistula River. The Russian corps marching north to fill the gap moved along the east bank of the Vistula, which protected their left flanks. The troop movements involved both the Southwest Front commanded by Nikolay Iudovich Ivanov and the Northwest Front under Nikolai Ruzsky. Their movements were poorly coordinated.
⇒9月17日、ドイツ軍の死亡将校の記録によって、東プロイセンにいると信じられていたドイツ軍の4個軍団が、今やシレジアに来ていることがロシア軍にとって明らかになった。シレジアからの脅威に対峙するため、ロシア軍は東プロイセンから、およびオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍に直面する前線から兵士を撤退させた。対抗する軍隊の本体を隔てる地理的な障壁は、ヴィスワ川であった。間隙を埋めるため北へ行進していたロシア軍団は、ヴィスワ川の東岸を彼らの左側面の保護壁と頼んでそれに沿って移動した。この部隊の移動にはニコライ・ユドヴィッチ・イワノフが指揮する南西前線軍と、ニコライ・ルスキー麾下の北西前線軍の両方が関与した。彼らの動きはうまく調整されていなかった。

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