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質問

The Allies and the Germans, attempted to take more ground after the "open" northern flank had disappeared, the Franco-British attacks towards Lille in October, being followed up by attempts to advance between the BEF and the Belgian army by a new French Eighth Army. The moves of the 7th and then the 6th Army from Alsace and Lorraine had been intended to secure German lines of communication through Belgium, where the Belgian army had sortied several times during the period between the Franco-British retreat and the Battle of the Marne. In August British marines had landed at Dunkirk. In October a new 4th Army was assembled from the III Reserve Corps and the siege artillery used against Antwerp and four of the new reserve corps training in Germany. The armament of the Lille fortress zone in 1914 consisted of 446 guns and 79,788 shells (including 3,000 × 75 mm), 9,000,000 rounds of rifle ammunition and 12 × 47 mm guns from Paris. During the Battle of Charleroi (21 August), General d'Amade garrisoned the area from Maubeuge to Dunkirk with a line of Territorial divisions. The 82nd Division held the area between the Escaut and the Scarpe, with advance posts at Lille, Deûlémont and Tournai, just over the Belgian border. The Territorials dug in but on 23 August, the BEF retreated from Mons and the Germans drove the 82nd Territorial Division out of Tournai. The German advance reached Roubaix and Tourcoing before a counter-attack by the 83rd and 84th regiments, that reoccupied Tournai during the night. Early on 24 August, the 170th Brigade organised the defence of the bridges over the Escaut but around noon, the Territorials were forced back by a German attack. The Mayor of Lille requested that Lille be declared an open city and at 5:00 p.m., the Minister of War ordered the garrison to leave the city and move between La Bassée and Aire-sur-la-Lys.
On 25 August, the German 1st Army reached the outskirts of Lille and General Herment withdrew the garrison. Maubeuge to the south was defended by 45,000 men and the Belgian army was still defending Antwerp to the north. On 2 September, German detachments entered Lille and left three days later; the town was intermittently occupied by patrols guarding the right flank of the 1st Army. After the German retreat from the Marne and the First Battle of the Aisne (13 September – 28 September), the northward manoeuvre known as the Race for the Sea commenced and on 3 October, Joffre formed the Tenth Army ( General de Maud'huy), to reinforce the northern flank of the French armies. When the XXI Corps arrived from Champagne, the 13th Division de-trained to the west of Lille. On the morning of 4 October, Chasseur battalions of the 13th Division moved to positions north and east of Lille.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Allies and the Germans, attempted to take more ground after the "open" northern flank had disappeared, the Franco-British attacks towards Lille in October, being followed up by attempts to advance between the BEF and the Belgian army by a new French Eighth Army. The moves of the 7th and then the 6th Army from Alsace and Lorraine had been intended to secure German lines of communication through Belgium, where the Belgian army had sortied several times during the period between the Franco-British retreat and the Battle of the Marne. In August British marines had landed at Dunkirk.
⇒連合国軍とドイツ軍はより多くの地面を奪取しようとして「開いた」北側面が消えた後、10月にリールに向った仏英軍の攻撃のあとに、フランス第8方面軍によるBEFとベルギー軍との間の前進の試みが続いた。アルザスとロレーヌから第7方面軍とその後の第6方面軍の移動は、ベルギーを通るドイツとの間の通信線を確保することを目的としていた。そこで、仏英軍の後退から「マルヌの戦い」までの間に、ベルギー軍が数回出撃した。8月に英国海兵隊がダンケルクに上陸した。

＞In October a new 4th Army was assembled from the III Reserve Corps and the siege artillery used against Antwerp and four of the new reserve corps training in Germany. The armament of the Lille fortress zone in 1914 consisted of 446 guns and 79,788 shells (including 3,000 × 75 mm), 9,000,000 rounds of rifle ammunition and 12 × 47 mm guns from Paris. During the Battle of Charleroi (21 August), General d'Amade garrisoned the area from Maubeuge to Dunkirk with a line of Territorial divisions. The 82nd Division held the area between the Escaut and the Scarpe, with advance posts at Lille, Deûlémont and Tournai, just over the Belgian border.
⇒10月には、第4方面軍が、第III予備軍団、アントワープ包囲で用役中の砲兵隊、およびドイツで訓練中の新しい4個予備軍団から組み立てられた。1914年のリール要塞地帯の武装は446門の大砲と79,788発の砲弾（75ミリ弾3,000発を含む）、9,000,000発のライフル弾とパリから（移動）の47ミリ砲12門で構成されていた。「シャルルロアの戦い」（8月21日）の間に、ダマド将軍は、領土分割線で分けてモーブージュからダンケルクまでの領域に駐屯軍を置いた。第82師団は、エスコーとスカルプの間の地域を保持し、リール、ドゥルモン、およびベルギーの国境を越えてトゥルネーに前進哨戒基地を配置した。

＞The Territorials dug in but on 23 August, the BEF retreated from Mons and the Germans drove the 82nd Territorial Division out of Tournai. The German advance reached Roubaix and Tourcoing before a counter-attack by the 83rd and 84th regiments, that reoccupied Tournai during the night. Early on 24 August, the 170th Brigade organised the defence of the bridges over the Escaut but around noon, the Territorials were forced back by a German attack. The Mayor of Lille requested that Lille be declared an open city and at 5:00 p.m., the Minister of War ordered the garrison to leave the city and move between La Bassée and Aire-sur-la-Lys.
⇒国防義勇軍が塹壕を掘ってこもったが、8月23日にBEFがモンスから撤退すると、ドイツ軍は第82領土師団をトゥルネーから追い出した。ドイツ軍の進軍隊は第83、第84連隊による反撃の前にルーベとトゥルコアンに達し、夜間にトゥルネーを再度占領した。8月24日早朝、第170旅団がエスコー橋梁防衛隊を組織したが、しかし正午頃、領土はドイツの攻撃によって後退を余儀なくされた。リール市長は、リールを公開都市として宣言するよう要求したので、午後5時に戦争大臣は駐屯軍に対して同市を去って、ラ・バセとアイレ・シュル・ラ・リスの間へ移動するよう命令した。

＞On 25 August, the German 1st Army reached the outskirts of Lille and General Herment withdrew the garrison. Maubeuge to the south was defended by 45,000 men and the Belgian army was still defending Antwerp to the north. On 2 September, German detachments entered Lille and left three days later; the town was intermittently occupied by patrols guarding the right flank of the 1st Army. After the German retreat from the Marne and the First Battle of the Aisne (13 September – 28 September), the northward manoeuvre known as the Race for the Sea commenced and on 3 October, Joffre formed the Tenth Army ( General de Maud'huy), to reinforce the northern flank of the French armies. When the XXI Corps arrived from Champagne, the 13th Division de-trained to the west of Lille. On the morning of 4 October, Chasseur battalions of the 13th Division moved to positions north and east of Lille.
⇒8月25日、ドイツ第1方面軍がリール郊外に到着し、ヘルメント将軍は駐屯軍を撤退させた。南のモーベージは45,000人の兵士によって守られていたし、ベルギー方面軍はまだアントワープの北面を守っていた。9月2日に、ドイツ軍の分遣隊がリールに入り、3日後に去った。町は第1方面軍の右側面を守るパトロール隊によって断続的に占領された。マルヌからのドイツの後退と「第一次エーヌの戦い」（9月13日－9月28日）の後、「海への競争」として知られる、北へ向かう機動戦が始まったので、ジョフレは10月3日に第10方面軍を設立した（ド・モーデュイ将軍）が、それはフランス方面軍の北側面を強化するためであった。第XXI軍団がシャンパーニュから到着したとき、第13師団はリールの西で降車した。10月4日の朝、第13師団のシャスール大隊がリールの北や東の陣地に移動した。

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