British Troops' Battle on the Western Front in March 1918
- The British troops planned a counter-attack, but German troops entered Golancourt, forcing the British to remain in their defensive positions.
- The exhausted British troops were slowly outflanked by German attacks and fell back towards Villeselve, heavily bombarded by German Artillery.
- The British ultimately lost the line of the Somme, except for a small stretch.
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The 109th brigade planned a counter-attack in the early hours of 24 March but before dawn German troops entered Golancourt, just north-west of Villeselve, so British troops were forced to remain in their defensive positions. The front ran roughly between Cugny and the south of Golancourt. An example of the condition of many British units, was the 54th Brigade of the 18th Division where by nightfall on 23 March, the 7th Bedfordshire and 6th Northamptonshire battalions had c. 206 men each and the 11th Royal Fusiliers had 27 men, who were hurriedly reorganised and then took post in the wood north of Caillouel at 10:00. The battle continued throughout the morning along the entire front and at 11:00, the remnants of the 14th Division were ordered to withdraw further south to the town of Guiscard. A series of small German attacks dislodged the exhausted British troops piecemeal and gaps in the front created by this staggered withdrawal were exploited by the Germans. The 54th Brigade was slowly outflanked by attacks from the north-east and north-west, the brigade fell back into Villeselve and were heavily bombarded by German Artillery from around 12:00. British troops, supported by French infantry attempted to hold the line here but the French received orders to retreat, leaving the British flank exposed; the British retreated with the French and fell back through Berlancourt to Guiscard. The 54th Brigade ordered the retirement of what was left of its battalions to Crepigny and at 03:00 on 25 March they slipped away under cover of darkness to Beaurains. Further north, the 1/1st Hertfordshires war diary read, After an intense bombardment of our trenches the enemy attacked with large numbers. The Bn, after heavy fighting, retired to a crest in front of the FEVILLERS-HEM WOOD ROAD. Here the Bn lost its Commanding Officer, Lieut. Colonel E. C. M. PHILLIPS, about whom, up to the time of writing, nothing is known. In the evening the Bn got orders to withdraw through the 35th Division to MARICOURT where the Bn spent the night.(24 March 1918) By nightfall, the British had lost the line of the Somme, except for a stretch between the Omignon and the Tortille.
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＞The 109th brigade planned a counter-attack in the early hours of 24 March but before dawn German troops entered Golancourt, just north-west of Villeselve, so British troops were forced to remain in their defensive positions. The front ran roughly between Cugny and the south of Golancourt. An example of the condition of many British units, was the 54th Brigade of the 18th Division where by nightfall on 23 March, the 7th Bedfordshire and 6th Northamptonshire battalions had c. 206 men each and the 11th Royal Fusiliers had 27 men, who were hurriedly reorganised and then took post in the wood north of Caillouel at 10:00. The battle continued throughout the morning along the entire front and at 11:00, the remnants of the 14th Division were ordered to withdraw further south to the town of Guiscard. ⇒第109旅団は3月24日の早朝に反撃を計画したが、夜明け前はドイツ軍がヴィルセルヴの北西にあるゴランクールに進入したため、英国軍は守備陣地に留まらざるを得なかった。前線は、およそクニーとゴランクールの南の間を通っていた。多くの英国軍部隊の状況を示す代表例は第18師団の第54旅団で、そこでは3月23日の夜間に第7ベッドフォードシャー大隊と第6ノーサンプトンシャー火打ち石銃兵大隊がそれぞれ約206人の兵士を出し、第11王立火打ち石銃兵隊が27人の兵士を出して急遽組織を再編し、早速10時にカユールーユ北部の森の哨戒陣地を奪取した。戦いは午前中ずっと続き、11時に第14師団の生存兵たちはもっと南のギスカールの町に撤退するよう命じられた。 ＞A series of small German attacks dislodged the exhausted British troops piecemeal and gaps in the front created by this staggered withdrawal were exploited by the Germans. The 54th Brigade was slowly outflanked by attacks from the north-east and north-west, the brigade fell back into Villeselve and were heavily bombarded by German Artillery from around 12:00. British troops, supported by French infantry attempted to hold the line here but the French received orders to retreat, leaving the British flank exposed; the British retreated with the French and fell back through Berlancourt to Guiscard. The 54th Brigade ordered the retirement of what was left of its battalions to Crepigny and at 03:00 on 25 March they slipped away under cover of darkness to Beaurains. ⇒ドイツ軍による一連の小さな攻撃が、疲弊した英国軍を細切れにして追い払い、このバラバラの撤退によってできた前線の隙間が、ドイツ軍によって利用された。第54旅団は、北東および北西からの攻撃によって次第に側面を包囲され、旅団はヴィルセルヴに退却したが、12時頃からはドイツ軍の砲兵隊によって激しく砲撃された。フランスの歩兵隊が支援していた英国軍隊は、ここで戦線を保持しようとしたが、フランス軍が後退を命じられたので英国軍もフランス軍と一緒に退却し、ベルランクールを経てギスカールに戻った。第54旅団は、大隊の残した兵員をクレピニーに退却させ、彼らは3月25日03時に暗闇にまぎれてボレーンに逃れた。 ＞Further north, the 1/1st Hertfordshires war diary read, After an intense bombardment of our trenches the enemy attacked with large numbers. The Bn, after heavy fighting, retired to a crest in front of the FEVILLERS-HEM WOOD ROAD. Here the Bn lost its Commanding Officer, Lieut. Colonel E. C. M. PHILLIPS, about whom, up to the time of writing, nothing is known. In the evening the Bn got orders to withdraw through the 35th Division to MARICOURT where the Bn spent the night.(24 March 1918) By nightfall, the British had lost the line of the Somme, except for a stretch between the Omignon and the Tortille. ⇒さらに北側で、第1/1ハートフォードシャーの戦争日誌にはこう書かれた、 「我々の塹壕を激しく砲撃した後、敵は大勢で攻撃を仕かけてきました。大隊は、激しい戦いを経た後、フェヴィエール‐ヘム森林道の前にある尾根上に退却しました。ここで大隊は司令官E. C. M.フィリップス中佐を失いましたが、この執筆時点まで（消息は）何も知られていません。夕方、大隊は第35師団を通じてマリクールに撤退する命令を受けて、そこで夜を過ごしました（1918年3月24日）。」 夕暮れまでに、英国軍はオムニヨンとトルティユの間の範囲を除いてソンムの戦線を失った。
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第109旅団は3月24日の早朝に反撃を計画したが、夜明け前はドイツ軍がヴィルセルベルトの北西にあるゴランクルートに進入したため、イギリス軍は守備位置にとどまった。前部は、およそCugnyとGolancourtの南の間を走った。多くのイギリス軍ユニットの状態の例は、3月23日の夜の夜に7番目のベッドフォードシャーと6番のノーサンプトンシャー大隊がいた第18師団の54番目の旅団でした。それぞれ206人の男性と11人のロイヤル・フイシャリエが27人の男性を持ち、急いで再編成され、10時にカユールエル北部の木に郵便局に赴いた。戦いは朝の午前中に全面的に続き、11時には第14師団の残りの人たちはさらに南にGuiscardの町に撤退するよう命じられた。一連の小さなドイツの攻撃は、疲弊した英国軍を断片的に追い払い、このずらした撤退によって作られた正面の隙間は、ドイツ人によって悪用された。第54旅団は北東および北西からの攻撃によってゆっくりと浮き彫りにされ、旅団はVilleselveに落ち、12時頃からドイツ軍の大砲に激しく砲撃された。フランスの歩兵兵士が支援していたイギリス軍は、ここにそのラインを保持しようとしたが、フランス軍は退去命令を受け、イギリス人はフランス人と一緒に退却し、ベルランクルを経てギスカルに戻った。第54旅団は、大隊の残したものをCrepignyに退却させ、3月25日午後3時に、彼らは暗闇の中でBeaurainsに逃げました。さらに北側では、1/1ハートフォードシャー戦争日記が読まれ、 私たちのトレンチの激しい砲撃の後、敵は多数の攻撃を受けました。激しい戦いの後、BnはFEVILLERS-HEMの木道の前にある紋章に引っ越した。ここで艦隊は司令官Lieutを失った。執筆時点までは何も知られていない大佐E. E. M. PHILLIPS大佐。夕方、Bnは第35課からBnが夜を過ごしたMARICOURTに撤退する命令を受けた（1918年3月24日） 夕暮れまでに、イギリス人はオムニヨンとトルティユの間のストレッチを除いてソンムの線を失っていた。
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The Battle of Arras (also known as the Second Battle of Arras) was a British offensive on the Western Front during World War I. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the Western Front. There were big gains on the first day, followed by stalemate. The battle cost nearly 160,000 British and about 125,000 German casualties. For much of the war, the opposing armies on the Western Front were at a stalemate, with a continuous line of trenches stretching from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border. The Allied objective from early 1915 was to break through the German defences into the open ground beyond and engage the numerically inferior German Army in a war of movement. The British attack at Arras was part of the French Nivelle Offensive, the main part of which was to take place 50 miles (80 km) to the south. The aim of this combined operation was to end the war in forty-eight hours. At Arras the British were to divert German troops from the French front and to take the German-held high ground that dominated the plain of Douai.
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The logistical prelude to the Meuse attack was planned by then-Colonel George Marshall who managed to move American units to the front after the Battle of Saint-Mihiel. The big September/October Allied breakthroughs (north, centre and south) across the length of the Hindenburg Line – including the Battle of the Argonne Forest – are now lumped together as part of what is generally remembered as the Grand Offensive (also known as the Hundred Days Offensive) by the Allies on the Western Front. The Meuse-Argonne offensive also involved troops from France, while the rest of the Allies, including France, Britain and its dominion and imperial armies (mainly Canada, Australia and New Zealand), and Belgium contributed to major battles in other sectors across the whole front. The French and British armies' ability to fight unbroken over the whole four years of the war, in what amounted to a bloody stalemate, is credited by some historians with breaking the spirit of the German Army on the Western Front, a view which ignores the German Spring_Offensive of 1918. The Grand Offensive, including British, French and Belgian advances in the north along with the French-American advances around the Argonne forest, is in turn credited for leading directly to the Armistice of November 11, 1918. On September 26, the Americans began their strike north towards Sedan. The next day British and Belgian divisions drove towards Ghent (Belgium). British and French armies attacked across northern France on September 28. The scale of the overall offensive, bolstered by the fresh and eager, but largely untried and inexperienced, U.S. troops, signaled renewed vigor among the Allies and sharply dimmed German hopes for victory. The Meuse-Argonne offensive, shared by the U.S. forces with the French Fourth Army on the left, was the biggest operation and victory of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War I. The bulk of the AEF had not gone into action until 1918. The Meuse-Argonne battle was the largest frontline commitment of troops by the U.S. Army in World War I, and also its deadliest. Command was coordinated, with some U.S. troops (e.g. the Buffalo Soldiers of the 92nd Division and the 93rd Division) attached and serving under French command (e.g. XVII Corps during the second phase). The main U.S. effort of the Meuse-Argonne offensive took place in the Verdun Sector, immediately north and northwest of the town of Verdun, between September 26 and November 11, 1918.
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The 6th Army attacked with the XIV, VII, XIII and XIX corps, intending to break through the Allied defences from Arras to La Bassée and Armentières. German infantry advanced in rushes of men in skirmish lines, covered by machine-gun fire. To the south of the 18th Brigade, a battalion of the 16th Brigade had dug in east of Radinghem while the other three dug a reserve line from Bois Blancs to Le Quesne, La Houssoie and Rue du Bois, half way to Bois Grenier. A German attack by the 51st Infantry Brigade at 1:00 p.m. was repulsed but the battalion fell back to the eastern edge of the village, when the German attack further north at Ennetières succeeded. The main German attack was towards a salient at Ennetières held by the 18th Brigade, in disconnected positions held by advanced guards, ready for a resumption of the British advance. The brigade held a front of about 3 mi (4.8 km) with three battalions and was attacked on the right flank where the villages of Ennetières and La Vallée merged. The German attack was repulsed by small-arms fire and little ground was gained by the Germans, who were attacking across open country with little cover. Another attack was made on Ennetières at 1:00 p.m. and repulsed but on the extreme right of the brigade, five platoons were spread across 1,500 yd (1,400 m) to the junction with the 16th Brigade. The platoons had good observation to their fronts but were not in view of each other and in a drizzle of rain, the Germans attacked again at 3:00 p.m. The German attack was repulsed with reinforcements and German artillery began a bombardment of the Brigade positions from the north-east until dark, then sent about three battalions of the 52nd Infantry Brigade of the 25th Reserve Division forward in the dark, to rush the British positions. The German attack broke through and two companies of Reserve Infantry Regiment 125 entered Ennetières from the west; four companies of Reserve Infantry Regiment 122 and a battalion of Reserve Infantry Regiment 125 broke in from the south and the British platoons were surrounded and captured. Another attack from the east, led to the British infantry east of the village retiring to the west side of the village, where they were surprised and captured by German troops advancing from La Vallée, which had fallen after 6:00 p.m. and who had been thought to be British reinforcements; some of the surrounded troops fought on until 5:15 a.m. next morning. The German infantry did not exploit the success and British troops on the northern flank were able to withdraw to a line 1 mi (1.6 km) west of Prémesques, between La Vallée and Chateau d'Hancardry.
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The British also became active on the Struma front and tried to expand their footholds on its right bank. The Bulgarian First Army's western flank now managed to hold the Allies on the Lerin - Kajmakcalan line. The Allies however continued their attacks and on 23 of September, after heavy fighting, the French entered Lerin. The Bulgarians were still holding on Kajmakcalan where the 1st infantry brigade of the 3rd Balkan Infantry Division was under attack by superior number of Serbian troops supported by heavy French artillery.
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