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質問

Following the German Navy's successful raid on the Scandinavian convoy on 17 October 1917, Admiral Sir David Beatty, Commander-in-Chief of the British Grand Fleet, was determined to retaliate. On 17 November 1917 a strong force of cruisers under Vice Admiral Trevylyan Napier was sent to attack German minesweepers, which were clearing a channel through British minefields in the Heligoland Bight. The intentions of the German force had been revealed by British Naval Intelligence, allowing the British to mount an ambush. The German sweepers were escorted by a group of cruisers and torpedo-boats under Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter.The action began at 7.30 a.m., roughly 65 nautical miles west of Sylt, when HMS Courageous sighted the enemy. She opened fire at 7:37 a.m. Admiral Reuter, the German commander, with four light cruisers and eight destroyers, advanced to engage the Royal Navy units in order to cover the withdrawal of his minesweepers, all of which escaped except for the trawler Kehdingen,(GE) which was sunk. The battle thereafter developed into a stern chase as the German forces, skilfully using smoke-screens, withdrew south-east at their best speed, under fire from the pursuing British ships of the 1st Cruiser Squadron, the 1st and 6th Light Cruiser Squadrons, and, later, HMS Repulse (which had been detached from the 1st Battle Cruiser Squadron and came up at high speed to join the battle). Both sides were hampered in their maneuvers by the presence of naval minefields.
The British ships gave up the chase some two hours later, as they reached the edge of known minefields. At about the same time, the light cruisers came under fire from two German Kaiser-class battleships, SMS Kaiser and SMS Kaiserin which had come up in support of Reuter's ships; HMS Caledon was struck by one 30.5 cm (12.0 in) shell which did minimal damage; shortly thereafter, the British forces withdrew.
All personnel on the bridge of the light cruiser HMS Calypso, including her captain, Herbert Edwards, were killed by a 15 cm (5.9 in) shell. The battle cruiser HMS Repulse, briefly engaged the German ships at about 10:00, scoring a single hit on the light cruiser SMS Königsberg that ignited a major fire on board.
It was during this battle that Able Seaman John Henry Carless of HMS Caledon won a posthumous Victoria Cross for his bravery in manning a gun despite mortal wounds.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Following the German Navy's successful raid on the Scandinavian convoy on 17 October 1917, Admiral Sir David Beatty, Commander-in-Chief of the British Grand Fleet, was determined to retaliate. On 17 November 1917 a strong force of cruisers under Vice Admiral Trevylyan Napier was sent to attack German minesweepers, which were clearing a channel through British minefields in the Heligoland Bight. The intentions of the German force had been revealed by British Naval Intelligence, allowing the British to mount an ambush.
⇒1917年10月17日、カンジナビア護衛艦に対するドイツ海軍の急襲が成功したのに続き、大英艦隊の総司令官、デイビッド・ビーティ卿提督は報復することを決定した。1917年11月17日、巡洋艦の強力軍団が、海軍中将トレヴィリアン・ネーピア指揮下にドイツ軍の掃海艇を攻撃するために派遣された。その掃海艇は、ヘルゴラント湾内で英国軍の地雷原を通ってそれを掃海していたのである。ドイツ軍団の意図が英国海軍諜報部によって明らかにされ、英国軍の待ち伏せを配置することが可能になった。

＞The German sweepers were escorted by a group of cruisers and torpedo-boats under Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter.The action began at 7.30 a.m., roughly 65 nautical miles west of Sylt, when HMS Courageous sighted the enemy. She opened fire at 7:37 a.m. Admiral Reuter, the German commander, with four light cruisers and eight destroyers, advanced to engage the Royal Navy units in order to cover the withdrawal of his minesweepers, all of which escaped except for the trawler Kehdingen,(GE) which was sunk.
⇒ドイツ軍の掃海艇が、海軍少将ルートウィヒ・フォン・ロイター提督指揮下の巡洋艦と魚雷艇のグループによって護衛されていた。HMS（英帝国軍艦）勇猛隊が敵を見つけた午前7時30分、戦闘行動がジルト島の約65海里西で始まった。艦は、午前7時37分に砲火を始めた。ドイツ軍の司令官ロイター提督は、掃海艇の撤退を援護するために4隻の軽巡洋艦と8隻の駆逐艦をもって進軍し、英国海軍部隊と交戦した。トロール船ケーディンゲン号（GE）が沈められたのを除いて、掃海艇はすべてが脱出した。

＞The battle thereafter developed into a stern chase as the German forces, skilfully using smoke-screens, withdrew south-east at their best speed, under fire from the pursuing British ships of the 1st Cruiser Squadron, the 1st and 6th Light Cruiser Squadrons, and, later, HMS Repulse (which had been detached from the 1st Battle Cruiser Squadron and came up at high speed to join the battle). Both sides were hampered in their maneuvers by the presence of naval minefields.
⇒それからの戦いは、厳しい追跡戦となった。というのも、ドイツ軍団は巧妙に煙幕を利用し、砲火をくぐって、出せる最高速度で南東方向へ撤退したので、それを英国軍の戦艦が追跡したからであった。追跡したのは、第1巡洋艦大隊、第1、第6軽巡洋艦大隊、および、その後に来たHMSレパルス号（第1巡洋戦艦大隊から派遣されて、高速でこの戦いに参加した）であった。両軍とも海軍の地雷原の存在によって起動工作が妨げられた。

＞The British ships gave up the chase some two hours later, as they reached the edge of known minefields. At about the same time, the light cruisers came under fire from two German Kaiser-class battleships, SMS Kaiser and SMS Kaiserin which had come up in support of Reuter's ships; HMS Caledon was struck by one 30.5 cm (12.0 in) shell which did minimal damage; shortly thereafter, the British forces withdrew.
⇒英国船は、既知の地雷原の縁に到着した約2時間後に追跡をあきらめた。それとほぼ同じ時間に、軽巡洋艦が、ロイター船隊を支持しするために現れた2隻のドイツ軍カイザー級船艦、SMS（皇帝艦）カイザー号とSMSカイゼリン号から砲火を浴びた。HMSカレドン号は、1発の30.5cm（12インチ）砲弾を被弾したが、最小限の損害で済んだ。その後すぐ、英国軍は撤退した。

＞All personnel on the bridge of the light cruiser HMS Calypso, including her captain, Herbert Edwards, were killed by a 15 cm (5.9 in) shell. The battle cruiser HMS Repulse, briefly engaged the German ships at about 10:00, scoring a single hit on the light cruiser SMS Königsberg that ignited a major fire on board.
It was during this battle that Able Seaman John Henry Carless of HMS Caledon won a posthumous Victoria Cross for his bravery in manning a gun despite mortal wounds.
⇒艦長のハーバート・エドワーズを含め、軽巡洋艦HMSカリュプソ号のブリッジ（艦橋）では、すべての人員が15cm（5.9インチ）砲弾によって殺された。軽巡洋艦HMSレパルス号は、10時ごろにドイツ軍の船舶と短く交戦して、SMSケーニヒスベルク号に１発命中させる成績をあげ、船側に重大な火災を起こさせた。
この戦いの間に、有能なHMS（カナダ）カレドン隊の水兵ジョン・ヘンリー・カーレスは、致命的な負傷にもかかわらず、発砲の任を死守した時の彼の勇敢さのゆえに、死後ビクトリア十字勲章が与えられた。

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