Chimps vs Humans: Exploring Intelligence Differences
- Chimps and humans have always been compared in terms of intelligence, but what sets them apart?
- The general-intelligence theory suggests that humans have an overall edge due to their larger and more complex brains.
- On the other hand, the cultural-intelligence hypothesis proposes that humans excel in specific areas of intelligence.
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Chimps are smart, but humans are lot smarter. Until now, there have been two competing ideas to explain why. The general-intelligence theory says that our bigger and more complex brains give us an overall edge. The cultural-intelligence hypothesis, by contrast, says that humans have specific areas of intelligenve where we excel; our brains are not just bigger, but also better than those of our nearest evolutionary relatives.
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チンパンジーは頭が良いです、しかし、人間はもっと頭が良いのです。これまで、理由を説明するために2つの競合する考えが、ありました。一般的な知性論は、我々のより大きくてより複雑な脳が我々に全体的な優勢を与えると言います。文化的知性仮説は、対照的に、人間には優れている知性の特定の領域があると言います;我々の脳はより大きいだけでなく、我々に最も近い進化の親類の脳より優れてもいるのです。
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- 私の和訳合ってますか？
私の和訳あってますか？ ｛｛｝｝の部分の和訳あってますか？ First , genes are found in all living creatures,whereas memes largely are limited to humans. True , there are a few examples of culturally learned traits in animals Female guppies pick the same mates as their peers, British swallows open milk bottles,and certain chimpanzees crack nuts with Stones or fish for termites with twigs. But these are the exception , not the rule , and fall far short of complexity and richness of human memes. Part of the reason for the difference is that humans have larger brains than animals、 allowing them to store more information and process it more quickly. ｛｛An even more important distinction , however, has to do with our communication skill.｝｝ しかしながら、よりいっそう重要な特徴は、伝達能力と関係がある。 evenが比較級を強調するために、｛いっそう｝とかいしゃくしました。
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A new study, published in Science, makes a strong case that the second theory is the Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipig, Germany, developed a battery of learning tests they call the Primate Cognition Test Battery. The team gave it to 106 chimps, 105 children and 32 orangutans, to compare the groups directly. Says Esther Hermann, a co-author of the paper:"It's the first time anything like this has been done."
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The three groups performed about equally well on “physical learning”- locating hidden objects, figuring out the source of a noise , understanding the concepts of more and less, using a stick to get something that′s out of reach. And indeed, the kids were of an age -2 1／2 years old- where it′s widely known that they do perform about as well as chimps in such tests. So for example, the scientists would hide a treat of some kind -a toy, or some food-behind a box , while the test subjects lokked on. The kids, chimps and orangs would have to be sophisticated enough to know that the object disappearing from view didn't mean it stopped existing, and had to be able to figure out where it had gone. All three groups did equally well at this sort of thing. 引用文 “Babies Vs. Chimps: Who′s Smarter?”
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If the kids had outperformed the apes across the board, on both types of task, it would have supported the "just generally smarter overall" theory. The fact that the children excelled in specific areas suggest it's the other theory that's right-that our ability to cooperate and share expertise has allowed us to build complex societies, collaborate and learn from each other at a high level, and use symbolic representation (writing , numerals , imagery ) that makes humans special , in short ,may be on the way to being solved. across the board→全てにおいて supported →支援者
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1 Formerly, we used to be less careful about cleanliness, but recently, our cities have become so crowded that there must be rules for keeping order and cleaniness. 2 The people who painted these animals were artists of feeling. They worked with primitive tools and simple colors, but they left proof that great art doesn't grow only from a high degree of civilization. 3 England is a very old country. She has many old ways and customs that have developed over the years till they have become very complicated. Her language has come to have so many words that not half of them are used today. お願いします！
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Kenji: You did a lot of fieldwork, observing chimpanzees in the wild. Are they any way like human beings? Jane: Chimpanzees and humans have a lot in common. We know today that the DNA of humans and chimps differs by just a little over one percent. ある英語の教科書の文です We know today that the DNA of humans and chimps differs by just a little over one percent.という文のでdiffersという単語がありました この単語を辞書で調べたところ、動詞の役割しかしないことがわかりました ですが前の文の主語が単数ではないのになぜdifferという単語にsが付いてるかわかる方いませんでしょうか?
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