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Weather forecasting is the science of predicting what the weather will be like―weather we can expect rain, snow or sunny day. In japan, it goes back over 100 years. The first public weather forecast was posted in police boxes in Tokyo on June 1, 1884. Today, the Japan Meteorological Agency（JMA） is largely responsible for weather prediction.
Weather forecasting is a very complicated process, involving short‐range and long‐range forecasts. This is accomplished by collecting data on such factors as wind speed, water vapor and atmospheric pressure. These data are gathered mainly from satellites and from meteorological centers around the world. The data is then studied and processed and sent to local areas in the form of forecasts. Most weather forecasting these days is computerized.
Weather prediction is obviously vital for the economy. Farmers, airplane pilots, ship captains, fisherman all have to know what kind of weather to expect in order to do their jobs and make their contributions to the economy.
Whether forecasting is a service industry, which means that it does not sell a product, as department stores do, but gives out information and knowledge. It does the same type of thing that an engineering consulting firm does, for example.
Weather forecasting is undergoing many changes in Japan. In 1994, special tests for people who want to be weather forecasters were introduced. On May 18, 1995, the Japanese government liberalized the field, which means that private companies can now engage in weather forecasting. While the JMA is still largely responsible for Japan´s weather forecasting, more and more private companies are entering this new business, which can be very profitable. Foe example, one company specializes in providing data to private individuals such as golfers and tourists. For a certain fee, customers can call up and get information over the telephone on what the weather will be like.
The main difference between JMA and private companies is that, as a rule, private companies specialize in predicting weather in very small areas, such as around a golf course, or at the site of a soccer game, whereas the JMA looks after far larger areas. In other words, private companies concentrate on areas that are of interest to more specialized groups.
以上です。
