Different Behaviors in Different Cultures
- In Brazil, a waiter brings one menu for four people and gives it to the senior member of the group who orders the same food for all.
- In France, each member of the group orders a different main dish at a restaurant.
- In India, a senior engineer is asked to move to New York at a salary that is twenty-five times his salary in New Delhi, but he declines the opportunity.
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英語長文でわからないところがあります。
1 in Brazil, a waiter brings one menu for four people and gives it to the senior member of the group who orders the same food for all. 2 in France, each member of the group orders a different main dish at a restaurant. 3 in India,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is twenty-five times his salary in NewDelhi,but he declines the opportunity. 4in California,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is 50percent higher than his salary in LosAngeles,and he accepts. 5in Germany,a man walks one the grass in apublic park and is reprimanded by several passersby. ※reprimand；叱り付ける 6 in Illinois,a person marries someone without parental approval. 後に書かれてるsix behaviors のこと。 この英文は個人主義、集団主義についての文章 You will want some explanation of why the six behaviors mentioned above reflect these constructs.Brazil and India are collectivist countries,thougy in different degrees.France,the United States,and Germany are individualistic countries,also in different degrees. (3)Nevertheless,one can find both collectivist and individualistic elements in all these countries,in different combinations. In (c), the waiter infers that each person has personal preferences that must be respected, whereas in (d),the waiter assumes that the senior member of the group will decide what toeat and that ultimately consuming the same food will intensify bonds among the members of the group. ・・・ In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. If his father were dying,it would be the engineer`s duty to be at his bedside and ease his passage to the other state. Under similar conditions in the United States,it is more likely that the parent would be placed in anursing home.the parent and his son have their own lives and are independent beings. . . . .以下画像参照 問 （3）（←Nevertheless～combinations）の特徴を本文中ではどの国のどのようなエピソードをあげて説明してますか？ 問 （ｃ）（ｄ）に入る国名を答えよ 問 インドは集団主義的傾向が強く、アメリカは個人主義的傾向が強いとされていますが、その根拠を答えよ ↑これは・・・以下からの文章だと思いますが、engineerをはじめいまいち意味をつかめません
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In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. If his father were dying,it would be the engineer`s duty to be at his bedside and ease his passage to the other state. Under similar conditions in the United States,it is more likely that the parent would be placed in anursing home.the parent and his son have their own lives and are independent beings. この部分の和訳が答えだと思います。 もし父君が死に掛けているならば、インドでは親の死に目に側にいて他界する悼みを安らげるのが年輩エンジニア（この部分を読んでやっと解りましたが「長男」という意味だと思います）の義務である。 同様の状況下でもアメリカの場合は親は当然のように老人ホーム／介護施設に放り込まれ、親と息子は孤立した人生をおくる。 以上です。
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- Twillight
- ベストアンサー率55% (37/67)
ありがとうございます。 解答していただいたのにすみませんが、もう少し教えていただきたいです。 ＞問3の答えは結局なんでしょうか？ ＞正直この設問自体があまり理解できません。 １、３、５の例では集団主義を、２，４，６では個人主義を。同じようなシチュエーションで異なる主義国がどう対応するかをあげてます。 答えは先の回答で私が和訳した内容そのものだと思いますが……。 >それと最後の問は何行目からの引用なんでしょうか？ >In India,the engineerfeels～から始まる（・・・以下の文章）ところのengineer >とかは必要ないのでしょうか？ >ここでのengineer >というのがいまいちよくわからないというのもあります。 >インドではエンジニアは両親の近くにいなければならないと感じてる。 >これであってますか？ その文章が画像に写ってないので解りません。 上記「Ｓｉｘ Ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓ」の例から考えると仰られるとおりインドではエンジニア（誰でもだと思いますが）は高い給料を払うと言われても家族と離れ離れになりたくない、または妻子を生まれ育った場所・生活・友人らから引き裂きたくないなどの理由で断る⇒そう感じると解釈出来るかと。
- Twillight
- ベストアンサー率55% (37/67)
まず六つの例文を和訳で説明いたします。 １．ブラジルでは四人分のメニュー（一枚）をウェーターが持ってきてそのグループの中の「先輩（年輩）」に渡し、その先輩が全員分のオーダーを決めて注文する（全員同じモノを食べる事になる） ２． フランスではグループでも一人一人が個別に決めて注文する。 ３． インドの年輩エンジニアが、現在のニューデーリでの給料の２５倍の年収を得られるニューヨークに移ってくれと頼まれるが、彼はそれを断る。 ４． カルフォルニアの年輩エンジニアが、現在の給料より５０％収入が増えるニューヨークに移ってくれと頼まれ、彼は合意する。 ５． ドイツでは公園の芝の上を勝手に歩いたら通行人にしかりつけられる。 ６．イリノイでは親の了承を得ずに勝手に結婚する輩もいる。 問３ 何れにせよ各国で個人主義と集団主義の例を探す事が出来る。 上記六つではどんな例を上げているか……という問いなので、下記（Ｃ）（Ｄ）に加え、米国／フランスでは個人主義、 ドイツ／インド／ブラジルでは集団主義。（カルフォルニア在住の年輩エンジニアは給料のために平気で引っ越すのに対し、インドでは給料２５倍でも家族らの意見も尊重し引っ越さない。 ドイツでは周り（周囲の目）を意識しなければならないが、イリノイ（米国）では親の意見を聞かずとも個人の意見を尊重し結婚する） 問 （ｃ）ではウェーターが各自、違う意見がある事を尊重している～ なのでフランスになります。 （ｄ）では年輩の方が全員分注文し、同じ食事を採る事でグループの絆が深まると解釈している～ なのでブラジルになります。 最後の問 米国みたいな個人主義中心のカルチャーでは結婚は二人を結ぶ物で家族を結ぶモノではない。 集団主義カルチャーでは結婚は二つの家族を結ぶモノ。 以上です。 他にも判らない所があれば、補足してください。
お礼
ありがとうございます。 解答していただいたのにすみませんが、もう少し教えていただきたいです。 問3の答えは結局 ＞カルフォルニア在住の年輩エンジニアは給料のために平気で引っ越すのに対し、インドでは給料２５倍でも家族らの意見も尊重し引っ越さない。 ドイツでは周り（周囲の目）を意識しなければならないが、イリノイ（米国）では親の意見を聞かずとも個人の意見を尊重し結婚する なんでしょうか？ 正直この設問自体があまり理解できません。 それと最後の問は何行目からの引用なんでしょうか？ In India,the engineerfeels～から始まる（・・・以下の文章）ところのengineer とかは必要ないのでしょうか？ ここでのengineer というのがいまいちよくわからないというのもあります。 インドではエンジニアは両親の近くにいなければならないと感じてる。 これであってますか？
関連するQ&A
- 英語長文について
1 in Brazil, a waiter brings one menu for four people and gives it to the senior member of the group who orders the same food for all. 2 in France, each member of the group orders a different main dish at a restaurant. 3 in India,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is twenty-five times his salary in NewDelhi,but he declines the opportunity. 4in California,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is 50percent higher than his salary in LosAngeles,and he accepts. 5in Germany,a man walks one the grass in apublic park and is reprimanded by several passersby. ※reprimand；叱り付ける 6 in Illinois,a person marries someone without parental approval. 後に書かれてるsix behaviors のこと。 この英文は個人主義、集団主義についての文章 You will want some explanation of why the six behaviors mentioned above reflect these constructs.Brazil and India are collectivist countries,thougy in different degrees.France,the United States,and Germany are individualistic countries,also in different degrees. (3)Nevertheless,one can find both collectivist and individualistic elements in all these countries,in different combinations. In (c), the waiter infers that each person has personal preferences that must be respected, whereas in (d),the waiter assumes that the senior member of the group will decide what toeat and that ultimately consuming the same food will intensify bonds among the members of the group. ・・・ In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. If his father were dying,it would be the engineer`s duty to be at his bedside and ease his passage to the other state. Under similar conditions in the United States,it is more likely that the parent would be placed in anursing home.the parent and his son have their own lives and are independent beings. Germany,though overall quite individualistic,is also collectivist in certain respects. the German episode is a community concern ,and witnesses to such deviant behavior(逸脱した行為)may take action.IN most cultures,people are independent beings and can marry someone regardless of parental disapproval.In individualist cultures marriage is an institution tha only links two people and not their respective families. In collectivist cultures it links tywo families,in which case it is essential that the families find the mate acceptable 問 （3）（←Nevertheless～combinations）の特徴を本文中ではどの国のどのようなエピソードをあげて説明してますか？ ↑この設問は意味がよくわかりません。 問 （ｃ）（ｄ）に入る国名を答えよ 問 インドは集団主義的傾向が強く、アメリカは個人主義的傾向が強いとされていますが、その根拠を答えよ ↑これは（In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. ）あたりのことだと思いますが、engineerをはじめいまいち意味をつかめません
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- 日本語文に訳して欲しいです。
What do the following incidents have in common? 1. In Brazil, a waiter bring "senior" member of the group, who orders the same food for all. 2. In France, each membe r of the group orders a different main dish at a restaurant 3. In India, a senior engineer is asked to move to New York, at a salary that s twenty-five times his salary in New Delhi, but he declines the opportunity. 4. In California, a senior engineer is a sked to move to New York, at a salary that is 50 percent higher than his salary in Los Angeles, and he accepts. 5. In Germany, a man walks on the grass in a publie park ands reprimanded* by several passersby . 6. In Illinois, a person marries someone without parental approval. As we analyze episodes of this kind, we find that they can be explained by the two constructs: collectivism and individualism. The fact that six so diverse social behaviors can be explained by just two constructs indicates that the constructs are useful and powerful. However, their wide applicability also represents a danger. Like the man with a hammer who uses it at every opportunity, if we do not sharpen their meaning, we can overuse the constructs. The terms individualism and collectivism are used by many people in different parts of the world and are given various meanings. And because the terms are rather fuzzy, they are difficult to measure. Galileo Galilei said, Science is measurement," meaning that if we are going to understand classify, and predict events, we need to measure them. In recent years social psychologists have made numerous attempts to measure tendencies toward individualism and collectivism, and in doing so they discovered considerable complexity in what should be included in these constructs .
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- どなたか英語が分かる方よろしくお願いします。
長文だった為分割しました。 前半の文章です。よろしくお願いします。 That he has a friendly warm voice with an undertone of just a very slightly different place, or intonation, barely perceptible but not local, It betrays a hint of some other place in his past, or some other class and level of life, that is different to the one he now mixes in. It is just a trace, a remnant left over, of a slightly different way of speaking, that is visible here and there, like a fish glimpsed below the surface of a river. His tone is rich and flowing a bit preachy, he talks as though giving some important message or lecture or sermon to others, yet his voice while rich is also limp it lacks the energy, and stamina that it begin with, and turns into deep soft trailing voice, warming as whiskey but more dilute at the ends. Robust at the beginning of sentences and paragraphs, but then his speech, this stoutness tending to tail off leaving sentences unfinished, or making them more quite and muted in strength.
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- 日本語訳お願いします。
You will want some explanation of why the six behaviors mentioned above reflect these constructs. Brazil and India are collectivist countriés, though in different degrees. France, the United States, and Germany are individualistic countries, also in different degrees. Nevertheless, one can find both collectivist and individualistic elements in all these countries, in di fferent combinations. In (c), the waiter infers that each person has personal preferences that must be respected, whereas in (d) , the waiter assumes that the senior member of the group will decide what to eat and that ultimately consuming the same food will intensify bonds among the members of the group. (c).(d)に当てはまる国名を答えてほしいです。
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- 英語
- 日本語訳してほしいです。前の質問の続きです。
In India, the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. If his father were dying, it would be the engineer's duty to be at his bedside and ease his passage to the other state. In Under similar conditions in the United States, it is more likely that the parent would be placed in a nursing home. The parent and his son have their own lives and are independent beings. Germany. though overall quite individualistic, is also collectivist in certain respects. The German episode is illustrative of collectivist behavior. Walking on hard-to-grow grassy areas is a community concern, and witnesses to such "deviant" behavior may take action. In most cultures, people try to marry a person that their parents find acceptable. However, in very individualistic cultures like the United States, it is assumed that people are independent beings and can marry someone regardless of parental disapproval. In individualist cultures marriage is an institution that only links two people and not their respective families. In collectivist cultures it links two families, in which case it is essential that the families find the mate acceptable.
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訳をお願いします。 In the world of advertising selling products is the most important goal. As companies are becoming more global, they are looking for new ways to sell their products all over the world. It is true that because of global communication, the world is becoming smaller today. But it is also true that the problems of global advertising_____problems of language and culture _____have become larger than ever. For example, Braniff Airlines wanted to advertise its fine leather seats. But when its advertisement was translated from English to Spanish, it told people that they could fly naked! Another example of incorrect translation is how a car maker, Chevrolet, tried to market the Chevy Nova in Latin America. In English, the word nova refers to a star. But in Spanish, it means "doesn't go." Would you buy a car with this name? To avoid these problems of translation, most advertising firms are now beginning to write completely new advertisements. In writing new advertisements, global advertisers consider the different styles of communication in different countries. In some culture, the meaning of an advertisement is usually found in the exact words (アare/describe/that/to/used) the product. This is true in such countries as the United States, Britain, and Germany. But in other culture, such as Japan's, the message depends more on situations and feelings than (イit does) on words. For this reason, the goal of many TV commercials in Japan is to show how good people feel at a party or other social situation. The commercial will not say that a product is better than others. Instead, its goal will be to create a positive mood or feeling about the product. アは並べ替えで イはit とdoesはそれぞれ何を指すのか答える問題です。 お願いします。
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Research projicts follow the trends of their times, and life span psychology has developed as the post-war baby boom generation has matured. The current wave of research into ageing and care of the elderlu, for example, can be seen as directly resulting from that generation reaching retirement age. LIFE-TRANSITIONS Gould(1978) developed the idea that adult life consists of a series of transitions, or life changes, which occur ar different times in our lives. The first of these is that of adjusting to the responsibilities of being independent and living away from parental care. Looking after ourselves without someone in the background is quite different from the kinf of independence which occurs when living as part of family group, where there is always someone to fall back on, or to look after you if you become ill. This transition, Gould argued takes place usually between the ages of 16 and 22. Then there is another transition, which takes place during our twenties, in which we develop our own competences and autonomy, and choose our rulus to live by, rather than simply conforming to our parents' rules and principles. A third transition, according to Gould, happens between 28 and 34, as we come to know ourselves better, and learn to come to terms with aspects of our nature which we weren't really aware of before. And the final transition involves accepting that life isn't going to last for ever━that is, developing a sence of our own mortality. This final transition, Gould argued, happens between the ages of 35 and 45.
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訳をお願いします。 Japan has a very formal, hierarchical culture. When speaking to a Japanese associate, use their surname or job title followed by 'san.' If speaking to a much more senior colleague, use Mr. or Ms. with their surname. Never use first names unless invited to do so. The Japanese traditionally greet each other with a bow, though you are more likely to be greeted with a simple nod followed by a light handshake. If someone does bow to you, respond by bowing to the same level, (A) eyes lowered. Business cards, the key to establishing credentials, should be written in both English and Japanese. Present your card with both hands (B) the Japanese side of the card facing up. Similarly, receive a card with both hands and take a few moments to read it. A first meeting tends to be very formal. (C be/careful/display/not/to) negative emotions or be too abrupt, or you might cause loss of face. Try to be very polite to older associates. They will usually be the most senior in rank. In Japanese business culture, the group indentity is essential and all decisions are made within the group. Do you single anyone out, either for praise or criticism. Expect every aspect of your proposal to be reviewed in minute detail; the Japanese gather as much information as possible to avoid problems that might occur later on. Once outside the structured office environment, the Japanese are much more informal. Business entertaining might take place at a golf course, karaoke bar or a private room at a restaurant. If uncertain of the intricate dining etiquette, simply follow the lead of your Japanese colleagues and remain humble, polite and modest. A,Bは同じ前置詞が入ってCは並び替えです。 また、下記の並び替えが合っているか見てください。 ・My father (he really/is/looks/older/than), but he's still in his forties. →is looks older than he really ・Henry is taller (at/his age/his father/than/was). →than his father was at his age ・We get (do/from experience/more education/than/we) from school work. →more education from experience than we do
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(1)Certain occupations which represent work to others are recreations to us. Acting, gardening, fishing, hunting, carpentry are work for the professional and recreation for the amateur, even if the latter indulges in them with the greatest possible seriousness; first because the use of different muscles and nerves is in itself a rest, and them because the amateur feels himself to be released from his conflict with the outside world, to be at liberty to stop what he is doing whenever he pleases. He is spread the fatigue of compulsion. (2)The playing of games is a still freer form of activity; there are no real problems to be solved, merely an arbitrary set of rules which the participants have agreed to obey. The chess-player and the bridge-player are not in conflict with the Universe, but with pure skill. Two things conductive to rest result therefrom: the players know that the loss of a game is unimportant, and also that the interventions of luck and limited. The moral benefits of sort must be noted here. Respect for the rules is self-imposed by the participants, because games can't be played without rules. When a habit of this kind has been adopted by a whole nation for several generations it tends to produce law-abiding citizens. "(1)," the English say of a man who is dishonest in love, business, or politics. Civilization is man's adoption of accepted conventions. Many of these conventions are as arbitrary as tennis or golf rules, but they substitute courtesy for fear and sport for war, because they enable us to foresee the reactions of those with whom we live. (3)In the theatre we do things only by proxy. We sit, motionless, watching the actions of others. We are interested because "(2)." The emotions and passions depicted in comedies and tragedies are our own. We live them with the dramatist. Why is this restful? Because, in the realm of art, no decisions are required of us. A drama, which concerns us and could be our own, takes place in an imaginary world, and we know this. The aesthetic and the ethical levels are far apart, but the drama distracts its audiences from the pettinesses of life involves them in its deep and noble passions, and in this way can greatly uplift and exalt them. An effective truce to actual struggles would, however, become hateful if drama were to take the place of life. The cinema and the radio, in small doses, prepare us for new tasks by distracting us. If indulged in to excess, they stupefy us. 【設問】 (1)(2)に入る適切な文 アHe’s not playing the game イWork keeps off boredom, vice, and poverty ウNothing that is human is alien to us エHe who begins many things, finishes but few オThe principle of nationalities must be respected カLookers-on see most of the game
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Philosophers' search for the truth resembles a detective story. Some think Andersen was murderer,( ) think it was Nielsen or Jensen. The police are sometimes able to solve a real crime. But it is equally possible that they never get to the bottom of it, although there is a solution somewhere. So even if it is difficult to answer a question, there may be one ― and only one ― right answer. Either there is a kind of existence after death ― （ イ ） there is not. Philosophy has ウ( in / its origin / of / man's sense / wonder ). Man thinks it is so astonishing to be alive that philosophical questions arise of their own accord. It is like watching a magic trick. We cannot understand how it is done. So we ask : how can the magician change a couple of white silk scarves into a live rabbit? A lot of people experience the world with the same incredulity as when a magician suddenly pulls a rabbit out of a hat which has just been shown to them empty. In the case of the rabbit, we know the magician has tricked us. What we would like to know is just how he did it. But when it comes to the world it's somewhat different. We know that the world is not all sleight of hand and deception because here we are in it : we are part of it. Actyally, we are the white rabbit is that the rabbit does not realize it is taking part in amagic trick. We do. We feel we are part of something mysterious and we would like to know how it all works. １．和訳をお願いします！ ２．（ ）と（ イ ）に適当な１語とウの( )内の並び替えもお願いします！ ◆補足◆ of own's one accord 自然に，一人で incredulity 疑う気持ち，信じられないという気持ち sleight of hand 手先の早業，手品
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お礼
ありがとうがございます。 インドのエンジニアについての文章。 画像の文章に入る前の段落 In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. If his father were dying,it would be the engineer`s duty to be at his bedside and ease his passage to the other state. Under similar conditions in the United States,it is more likely that the parent would be placed in anursing home.the parent and his son have their own lives and are independent beings.