The Environmental Hazard of Chemicals and Our Health

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  • Chemicals are now pervading the world in which we live, acting upon us directly and indirectly, separately and collectively. Their presence casts a shadow that is no less harmful because it is formless and obscure, no less frightening because it is simply impossible to predict the effects of lifetime exposure to chemical and physical agents that are not part of the biological experience of people.
  • The biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and the hazard to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. However, this danger is easily ignored as people are naturally more concerned with diseases that have obvious manifestations.
  • The message of this passage, written in the 1960's, still holds true today. It reminds us that the dangers of chemicals in our environment are a silent threat that can slowly creep up on us, leading to potential catastrophe.
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英語の長文

Only yesterday people lived in fear of diseases of that once were swept nations before them. Now our major concern is no longer with the disease organisms that once were everywhere; sanitation, better living conditions, and new drugs have given us a high degree of control over infectious disease. Today we are concerned with a different kind of health hazard that lurks in our environment -- a hazard we ourselves have introduced into our world as our modern way of life has evolved. Born of the never-ending stream of chemicals of which pesticides are a part, chemicals are now pervading the world in which we live, acting upon us directly and indirectly, separately and collectively. Their presence casts a shadow that is no less harmful because it is formless and obscure, no less frightening because it is simply impossible to predict the effects of lifetime exposure to chemical and physical agents that are not part of the biological experience of people. "We all live under the haunting fear that something may corrupt the environment to the point where man joins the dinosaurs as an extinct form of life," says an official of the United States Public Health Service. "And what makes these thoughts all the more disturbing is the knowledge that our fate could perhaps be sealed twenty or more years before the development of symptoms." Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the hazard to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to ignore what may seem to us a vague threat of future disaster. "People are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious manifestations," says a wise physician, "yet some of their worst enemies creep on them." ・According to the passage, which of the following is not one of the causes of the environmental hazard that we face today? アchemicals イdiseases ウindustrial waste エpesticides イにしました。 ・本文との内容一致 アThe effects of lifetime exposure to chemical and physical agents can be predicted if people have enough knowledge and intelligence. イHuman beings began to contaminate the environment with chemicals that were developed after the end of WWII. ウDiseases remain a serious threat to people today, because disease organism exist all over the world. エEach chemical presents an environmental health hazard by itself, and in combination with other chemicals. 自分はアを選んでみました。 ・本文から、次の文を完成させるのに適するもの The message of this passage was written in the 1960's but is still true now, which makes it ( ). アin due time イon time ウtimeless エtimely エにしました。 ・最後の文中、“some of their worst enemies creep on them"の意味をworst enemiesそしてthemが指している内容を英語に置き換え(creep up onを使わずに12語以内で)←難しかったです。良く分かりませんでした。 お願いします。

  • 英語
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  • sayshe
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回答No.1

<訳例> つい最近まで、人々は、それらを前にした諸国民をかつて一掃した病気を恐れて暮らしてきました。 現在、我々の主な懸念は、かつて至る所にあった病原体ではもはやありません; 公衆衛生、より良い生活環境、新薬は、我々に伝染病を高度に制御する力を与えました。今日、我々は、環境に潜む異なる種類の健康に有害なものを心配しています ― 我々の現代的な生活様式が進化するにつれて、我々自身が、この世界に導入した危険です。 農薬もその一部である化学薬品が、決して終わることのない流れの様に生みだされて、化学薬品は、今や、我々が住む世界に蔓延しています。そして、直接的にそして間接的に、また、個別にそして集合的に、我々に影響を及ぼすのです。それらの存在は、影を投げかけます、この影は、それが形がなくてはっきりしないために、少なからず有害であり、人々の生物としての経験の一部とはなっていない化学的かつ物理的な薬品に生涯にわたって曝される影響を予測することが単に不可能なために、少なからず恐怖を抱かせるものでもあるのです。 「我々は、みんな、人間が絶滅した生物種として恐竜に加わる地点まで、何かが環境を腐敗させるかもしれないという、心につきまとう恐れを抱いて生きているのです」と、米国公衆衛生局の職員は言います。 「そして、これらの考えをいっそう厄介にするのは、我々の運命が、徴候が進展する前の20年以上の間は、もしかすると封印される可能性があると言うことが分かっていることです。」 責任ある地位の公衆衛生担当官は、化学薬品の生物学的影響は、長期間にわたって累積的であり、個人への危険は、彼の生涯を通じて受ける化学薬品との接触の総量次第であるかもしれないと、指摘しました。 まさしくこれらの理由で、危険は簡単に無視されるのです。 我々にとって将来の災厄の漠然とした恐れのように思われるかもしれないことを無視するのは、人間の本性なのです。 「人々は、明らかな徴候を持つ病気に、当然のことながら最も心を動かされます。」と、ある聡明な内科医は言います。「それでも、彼らの最悪の敵のいくつかが、彼らの方へ忍び寄っているのです。」 <設問> ・ According to the passage, which of the following is not one of the causes of the environmental hazard that we face today? 文章によれば、以下のうちのどれが、我々が今日直面する環境危機の原因の1つではありませんか? ア. 化学薬品 イ. 病気(○) ウ. 産業廃棄物 エ. 農薬 ・本文との内容一致 ア. 人々が、十分な知識と知性を持てば、化学的、物理的薬品に生涯に渡って曝される影響を予測可能です。 イ. 人間は、第2次大戦の終結後に開発された化学薬品で環境を汚染し始めました。 ウ. 病気は、今日の人々にとって相変わらず深刻な脅威です、と言うのは、病原体が世界中に存在するからです。 エ. 各々の化学薬品は、単独で、また、他の化学薬品と組み合わさって環境的健康危機を提供します。(○) ・本文から、次の文を完成させるのに適するもの The message of this passage was written in the 1960's but is still true now, which makes it (timeless). この文章のメッセージは、1960年代に書かれましたが、現在もまだ真実です。そして、このことは、それを (時代を超越した) ものとしています。 ア. in due time そのうちに、やがて イ. on time 時間通りに ウ. timeless 永遠の、時代を越えた (○) エ. timely タイムリーな、時機の良い、時宜にかなった ・最後の文中、“some of their worst enemies creep on them"の意味をworst enemiesそしてthemが指している内容を英語に置き換え(creep up onを使わずに12語以内で) Longtime accumulated chemicals adversely affect people before they notice them. (10語) 長年の蓄積した化学製品は、人々がそれらに気付く前に、彼らに悪影響を与えます。 ☆第1文は、次の様では? Only yesterday people lived in fear of the diseases that once swept nations before them. 出典は、Rachel Carson の "Silent Spring" (沈黙の春) の、12. The Human Price 2行目からの様です。 http://arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/ss.pdf

a0itone
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お礼

回答ありがとうございました。 少し読みが浅かったかなと思いました。問題文中に解答のヒントがちゃんとありましたので… 第1文目は、確かにこちらが投稿した文です。原文とは多少変えてあるようです。見たら他にも難しい単語は別の単語に置き換えてあったり…という箇所も幾つかありました。出典の添付ありがとうございます。

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