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histories were developed？
Scholastic achievement histories were developed by administering the complete Canadian Test of Basic Skills. 学力達成の履歴は、完全版CTBS(Canadian Test of Basic Skills)を管理することにより発展した。 と訳してみましたが、イマイチしっくり来ません。 histories were developedの部分、良い訳はありませんでしょうか？ よろしくお願いします。
- charlie_rt
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- tjhiroko
- ベストアンサー率52% (2281/4352)
administer の訳ですが、目的語はtest ですから ＞to bring into use or operation の意味が適当ではないでしょうか。 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/administer?db=luna 「実施する」くらいかと思います。
お礼
管理しか浮かびませんでした。その訳ですとスッキリしますね。
このような場合は，意味をまず考えましょう． 「履歴」というのも近いのですが，通常，テストの結果は記録され，その変化がどうなっているか，年ごととか，時間軸で比較されることになります．そのためにはデータを記録・蓄積することになります．これは言わば「歴史」ですね． 訳としては，「履歴」でも当たらずと言えませんが，経年変化とか，データ変動記録や，改善歴とか，文の記述目的にあった表現を選び，そういう評価歴が作られた，というのはいかがですか．
お礼
単語の意味合いが良くわかりました。ありがとうございました。
完全版ＣＴＢＳを運営によって学業成績の歴史は作られた。 ＞histories were developedの部分、 develop/make history の受身だと思います
お礼
make history というとわかりやすいですね。ありがとうございました。
関連するQ&A
- above all of
下記の直訳を文を区切って教えていただけますか？ They were given 30% longer to complete the test and hiragana character readings were provided above of all of the kanji on the test paper.
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- 文の構造がわかりません
Ferguson (1971) describes the Analysis of Covariance as a "statistical, rather than an experimental,method [that] may be used to ’control’ or ’adjust for’ the effects of one or more uncontrolled variables [added by author] "―in this case differences in achievement pretest scores. の、in this case differences in achievement pretest scores.の訳は 「本ケースでは、事前テストのスコアにおける達成度の違いが該当する。」 で合っていますか？文の構造がいまいちわかりません。 機械翻訳すると「この場合、達成の違いは、スコアについてプレテストします。」と、pretestが動詞扱いされているのですが・・ よろしくお願いします。
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In February 1917, a German-born Canadian soldier deserted to the German side and helped confirm many of the suspicions held by the Germans, providing them with a great deal of useful information. By March 1917, the German forces were aware that a major attack was imminent and would include operations aimed at capturing Vimy Ridge. General of Infantry Ernst August Marx von Bachmeister, commanding the German 79th Reserve Division, reported in late-March that he believed the Canadian Corps was moving into an echelon formation and were preparing for a major attack. The Germans quickly developed plans to launch a pre-emptive operation, following the adage that the best defence is a good offence, intent on capturing the northern section of the Zouave Valley along the northernmost portion of the Canadian front. Heavy Canadian Corps artillery fire ultimately prevented the Germans from executing their pre-emptive attack. The preliminary phase of the Canadian Corps artillery bombardment began on 20 March 1917, with a systematic two-week bombardment of German batteries, trenches and strong points. The Canadian Corps paid particular attention to eliminating German barbed wire, a task made easier with the introduction of the No. 106 instantaneous fuse.
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The Canadian Corps participated in several of these actions including the Battle of Arleux and the Third Battle of the Scarpe in late April and early May 1917. After the end of World War I, Byng was raised to the peerage as Baron Byng of Vimy, of Thorpe-le-Soken in the County of Essex, on 7 October 1919. The next month, he retired from the military and moved to Thorpe Hall. The Battle of Vimy Ridge has considerable significance for Canada. Although the battle is not generally considered the greatest achievement of the Canadian Corps in strategic importance or results obtained, it was the first instance in which all four Canadian divisions, made up of troops drawn from all parts of the country, fought as a cohesive formation. The image of national unity and achievement is what, according to one of many recent patriotic narratives, initially gave the battle importance for Canada, According to Pierce, "The historical reality of the battle has been reworked and reinterpreted in a conscious attempt to give purpose and meaning to an event that came to symbolize Canada's coming of age as a nation." The idea that Canada's national identity and nationhood were born out of the battle is an opinion that in the late twentieth century became widely held in military and general histories of Canada.
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訳を尋ねたいです。 None of the developed countries that were represented still uses its traditional technology. 表された先進国のどこもまだ伝統的な技術を使ってない。 と訳したのですが、もっとうまい訳はないでしょうか？ Noneとwere representedはどう訳せばいいんでしょ うか？ The participants from developed countries adopted what might be called a `moral` attitude to the problem of development. what以降が難しいです。 what might be calledはどう考えればいいんでしょうか？ 先進国からの関係者は発展の問題に「道徳的な」態度と呼ばれるかもしれないことを採用した。 分かりやすい訳を教えて欲しいです。 The speakers stressed how poor developing countries are , and how it is `wrong` of them to spend badly needed money on expensive project. これも役を教えて欲しいです。 話者は発展途上国がいかに貧しいか、また、発展途上国が高値の企画に必要とされる金を 悪く使っているかをいかに「悪」であるかを力説した。 wrongやof them、badly needed moneyの訳が難しいです。 おねがいします。
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In the end, two mines were blown before the attack, while three mines and two Wombat charges were fired to support the attack, including those forming a northern flank. Trench raiding involved making small-scale surprise attacks on enemy positions, often in the middle of the night for reasons of stealth. All belligerents employed trench raiding as a tactic to harass their enemy and gain intelligence. In the Canadian Corps trench raiding developed into a training and leadership-building mechanism. The size of a raid would normally be anything from a few men to an entire company, or more, depending on the size of the mission.The four months before the April attack saw the Canadian Corps execute no fewer than 55 separate trench raids. Competition between units even developed with units competing for the honour of the greatest number of prisoners captured or most destruction wrought. The policy of aggressive trench raiding was not without its cost. A large-scale trench raid on 13 February 1917, involving 900 men from the 4th Canadian Division, resulted in 150 casualties. An even more ambitious trench raid on 1 March 1917, once again by the 4th Canadian Division, failed and resulted in 637 casualties including two battalion commanders and a number of company commanders killed.
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Additional German reinforcements began arriving and by late evening portions of the 111th Infantry Division occupied the third line near Acheville and Arleux, with the remainder of the division arriving the following day. The British moved three fresh brigades up to the Red Line by 9:30 am on 10 April to support the advance of the 1st and 2nd Canadian Division, whereupon they were to leapfrog existing units occupying the Red line and advance to the Blue Line. Fresh units including two sections of tanks and the 13th British Brigade were called up from reserve to support the advance of the 2nd Canadian Division. By approximately 11:00 am, the Blue Line, including Hill 135 and the town of Thélus, had been captured. To permit the troops time to consolidate the Blue Line, the advance halted and the barrage remained stationary for 90 minutes while machine guns were brought forward. Shortly before 1:00 pm, the advance recommenced with both the 1st and 2nd Canadian Divisions reporting their final objective.The tank supported advance via Farbus, and directed at the rear of the 79th Reserve Division, was eventually halted by concentrated German fire short of the village.
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The German Second Army, which was holding the sector north of the Somme, had observed preparations for an offensive since the end of February 1916. Short of resources due to operations at Verdun, the Germans could only mount local operations in an effort to divert British resources from the Somme. On 28 May 1916, in an abrupt change of command, Lieutenant-General Edwin Alderson was appointed to the largely ceremonial post of Inspector General of Canadian Forces in England and was succeeded by Lieutenant-General Julian Byng as commander of the Canadian Corps. Byng inspected the Canadian Corps positions and noted that the Canadian troops were overlooked by German positions and under constant danger of enemy fire. He assigned 3rd Canadian Division commander, Major-General Malcolm Mercer to draw up a plan to overrun the more dangerous German positions in a local attack.
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Consequently, the British 5th Infantry Division and supplementary artillery, engineer and labour units reinforced the four Canadian divisions. This brought the nominal strength of the Canadian Corps to about 170,000 men, of whom 97,184 were Canadian. In January 1917, three Canadian Corps officers accompanied other British and Dominion officers attending a series of lectures hosted by the French Army regarding their experiences during the Battle of Verdun. The French counter offensive devised by General Robert Nivelle had been one of a number of Allied successes of 1916. Following extensive rehearsal, eight French divisions had assaulted German positions in two waves along a 9.7-kilometre (6 mi) front. Supported by exceedingly strong artillery, the French had recovered lost ground and inflicted heavy casualties on five German divisions. On their return from the lectures, the Canadian Corps staff officers produced a tactical analysis of the Verdun battles and delivered a series of corps and divisional-level lectures to promote the primacy of artillery and stress the importance of harassing fire and company and platoon flexibility. The report of 1st Canadian Division commander Arthur Currie highlighted the lessons he believed the Canadian Corps could learn from the experiences of the French.
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The Canadian 1st and 2nd Divisions were nonetheless able to secure the Brown Line by approximately 2:00 pm. The 4th Canadian Division had made an attempt to capture the northern half of Hill 145 at around 3:15 pm, briefly capturing the peak before a German counterattack retook the position. The Germans occupying the small salient on ridge soon found themselves being attacked along their flanks by continuously reinforced Canadian Corps troops. When it became obvious that the position was completely outflanked and there was no prospect of reinforcement, the German troops pulled back. The German forces were evacuated off the ridge with German artillery batteries moved west of the Vimy–Bailleul railway embankment or to the Oppy–Méricourt line. By nightfall of 10 April, the only Canadian objective not yet achieved was the capture of the Pimple. The 4th Canadian Division faced difficulties at the start of the battle that forced it to delay its assault on the Pimple until 12 April. The Pimple was initially defended by the 16th Bavarian Infantry Division, but the Canadian Corps' preliminary artillery bombardment leading up to the assault on 9 April caused heavy casualties amongst its ranks. On 11 April, the 4th Guards Infantry Division first reinforced and then relieved affected 16th Bavarian Infantry Division units.
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お礼
綺麗な訳ですね。ありがとうございました