- 締切済み
地球温暖化
g-spaceの回答
- g-space
- ベストアンサー率44% (49/109)
基本的にはNo.1の方の回答の通りで、人間にとってプラスになるかマイナスになるかは一概に言えないでしょう。 ただ、「地球にとって良いか悪いか」という視点は、科学的にはまったく重要でない（意味がない）ことを認識しておくと、視点の持ち方として役に立つかもしれません。「地球にとって良いか悪いか」は実は「人間にとって良いか悪いか」と等価であって、人間目線（人間中心）の話なのですから。 蛇足ですが、地球の平均気温が現在の状態に保たれているのは、大気中の二酸化炭素や水蒸気、メタン等のガスの効果によるものです。特に二酸化炭素の存在は重要で、これがなければ地球の平均気温は氷点下です。 ただし、だからといって、二酸化炭素が「地球温暖化」を促進する主要因になっているかどうかはよくわかっていません。言えることは、地球の歴史上、これほど短期間に急激に大気中の二酸化炭素量が増えるという事態は、小天体の衝突などにより地殻に固定化されていた二酸化炭素が放出された場合を除き、ほとんどなかったことが確かだということです。 二酸化炭素は約10万年のサイクルで、大気→海→地殻→大気→・・・と地表を循環しています。大気中の二酸化炭素量に短期間で大きな変動があった場合、長期的には（数十万年という時間をかけて）地球大気は安定化するでしょうけれども、人間が生きていく時間スケール（非常に短い時間）で考えれば、振れ幅の大きい変動があって当たり前でしょう。人間はその活動により、すでに「大気中の二酸化炭素量に大きな変動」を与えています。この認識のもとに、まだ知られてない短期的な安定化サイクルがある可能性を排除せず、二酸化炭素に注意を払うのは当然のことです。
関連するQ&A
- 訳お願いしますm(._.)m
和訳お願いします！ (1)Biomass is a form of energy source, which can be made from any kind of vegetation-trees, grass, leaves, or ocean plants. (2)Of course, burning biomass emits carbon dioxide into the air. (3)However, when we use biomass fuel, we are burning carbon dioxide that was once in the air, but was taken in by the plants. (4)So the total amount of carbon dixide in air is not increased. (5)On the other hand, fossil fuels such as coal and oil are formed from decayed animals and plants that lived millions of years ago. (6)When we burn them, there is an increase in the amount of carbon dixide in the air, which causes the greenhouse effect.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳をお願いします
和訳をお願いします All across the United States, honeybees are flying away from their hives and dying.Empty hives are causing a lot of worry about some important food crops. Bees give us a lot more than delicious honey. They are pollinators―they enable plants to produce the fruits and nuts we enjoy by carrying pollen from one plant or flower to the next. The wind pollinates oats,corn,and wheat,but many other plants(like apple and cherry trees and melon vines)depend on insects,bats,and birds. Animals pollinate about one out of every three bites of food we eat. And in the U.S.,millions and millions of bees kept by human beekeepers fly around doing a lot of this important work for food crops. Professional beekeepers raise honeybees,box them up,and send them on trucks to fields where farmers grow food. Bees live in groups of about 40,000 individuals called colonies. California's almond crop alone depends on about half the bees in the country,about 1.5 million colonies!
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳（土壌等の話）
以下の英文を訳してみたのですが、合っているでしょうか？ and が続くと、どこまで指しているのかわかりにくく、 間違っているような気がします。 The logging industry is huge: forestry is the second biggest earner after oil and gas, and 64 million ha of the forest has been carved up for logging concessions. Indonesia is the biggest player in the international tropical timber market, harvesting approximately 26 million cubic metres from its forests annually ; it is the world's largest producer of plywood. 材木産業は、巨大です。林業は、石油、ガスに次いで2番目に大きい。そして森林の6400万ｈａは伐採地として切り開きます。インドネシアは国際的な熱帯材木市場で最も大きいプレーヤーです。そして、毎年森林からおよそ2600万立方メートルを集めます;それは、世界最大の合板の産出国です。 The fire is also threatening over 1 million hectares of peat forest , and an additional 220 million tonnes of CO2 could be released if just the top ten cm of peat were to burn. Peat soils are densely packed with organic matter and contain large quantities of carbon. Once the fire is in the peat below ground, it is even more difficult to extinguish 火事は泥炭・森林の100万ヘクタール以上も脅かしています。そして、泥炭の先端10cmが燃えた場合、まさにCO2はさらに2億2000万トンは放出されることになる。泥炭地は有機物質で高密度に詰まっていて、大量の炭素を含んでいます。一旦火が地面の下の泥炭の中にあると、それは消すのがさらに難しくなります。 このように訳してみました。 よろしくお願いします。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- ミクロ経済 小問題
1. Which of these is the best example of a public good? A) A nursery school B) City busses C) Traffic signs D) Parking lots E) A zoo Public goods 公共性の特性であるNonrivalryとNonexcludability から C) Traffic signs を選択しました。 nursery school やparking lotsも迷っています。 2. If the market price of a good rises a) Both the producer surplus and consumer surplus will fall b) The producer surplus will fall and the consumer surplus will rise c) Both the producer surplus and consumer surplus will rise d) The producer surplus will rise and the consumer surplus will fall 価格の良い上昇と直訳し、過剰な部分は減ると考え a) Both the producer surplus and consumer surplus will fallを選択しました。 3) One consumer plants a garden in front of her house. This would create a) a quasi-public good b) a public good c) a negative externality d) excludability e) a positive externality private goods の特性である RivaｌｒｙとExcudabilityから d) excludabilityにしました。 4) The government is deciding to build a new loading dock at the city port. The more berths that are available the more ships can load and unload merchandise and the more income and jobs will be generated for the citizens. Given this table of costs and benefits, determine how many loading berths the government should create. __berths____Total cost____Total benefit a)__1________50,000________100,000 b)__2________90,000________195,000 c)__3________140,000_______285,000 d)__4________200,000_______365,000 e)__5________275,000_______435,000 f)__6________365,000_______495,000 d)__4________200,000_______365,000を選択しました。コスト分を差し引いた利益が多いからです。 5) The government has determined that planting pine trees is good for the environment. The government could encourage the planting of pine trees by a)planting more pine trees on government land b) subsidizing consumers c) subsidizing producers d) requiring that firms plant pine trees on their own land e) all of the above b) subsidizing consumers 迷ってますが、助成されたproducersとの事で選択しました。 6) If the government fined paper firms that pollute streams, this would a) shift the supply of paper to the left b) shift the supply of paper to the right c) shift the demand for paper to the left d) shift the demand for paper to the right 公害を発生させた為、その紙の要求は減るという考えでc) shift the demand for paper to the leftにしました。何卒 ご教授ください。
- ベストアンサー
- 経済学・経営学
- less moisture is available to fall as rain...toの用法は？
（なぜ人間は森林破壊を心配するのか） The losses are difficult to evaluate. However, the loss of tropical forests would have very far-reaching effects both on the countries concerned and on the whole world. The loss to science of animal and plant species in the tropics would be far greater than in temperate regions because of the far greater numbers of species involved. Scientific study of all the innumerable plants and animals in the jungles is still very incomplete and there is much work to be done. There are even more important reasons for some countries to preserve their forests. Trees take in a great deal of water through their roots and release this by transpiration back into the air. This helps to keep the air moist. When forests are removed the air becomes drier, less moisture is available to fall as rain and therefore agriculture suffers. Many savanna regions of the world are being turned into deserts, largely because trees are removed for firewood, or by animals that feed on the grass, and the savanna vegetation cannot survive. It is replaced by desert conditions of no rainfall and almost no vegetation. Large-scale removal of jungles could have the same effect, and thus it is very important that forests should be preserved. （質問）less moisture is available to fall as...の部分のto不定詞の用法が分かりません。 (1) mostureを説明する「形容詞的用法」 (2) availableを説明する「副詞的用法」 それともそれ以外ですか？何かこれと同じ用法の良い例文があれば宜しくお願いします。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳お願いします
In principle, burning biofuels merely releases the carbon the crops accumulated when growing. Even when you take into account the energy costs of harvesting, refining and transporting the fuel, they produce less net carbon than petroleum products. The law the British government passed a fortnight ago - by 2010, 5% of our road transport fuel must come from crops - will, it claims, save between 700,000 and 800,000 tonnes of carbon a year. It derives this figure by framing the question carefully. If you count only the immediate carbon costs of planting and processing biofuels, they appear to reduce greenhouse gases. When you look at the total impacts, you find they cause more warming than petroleum. A recent study by the Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen shows that the official estimates have ignored the contribution of nitrogen fertilisers. They generate a greenhouse gas - nitrous oxide - that is 296 times as powerful as CO2. These emissions alone ensure that ethanol from maize causes between 0.9 and 1.5 times as much warming as petrol, while rapeseed oil (the source of more than 80% of the world's biodiesel) generates 1-1.7 times the impact of diesel. This is before you account for the changes in land use. A paper published in the journal Science three months ago suggests that protecting uncultivated land saves, over 30 years, between two and nine times the carbon emissions you might avoid by ploughing it and planting biofuels. Last year the research group LMC International estimated that if the British and European target of a 5% contribution from biofuels were to be adopted by the rest of the world, the global acreage of cultivated land would expand by 15%. That means the end of most tropical forests. It might also cause runaway climate change.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 地球はいつから地球なのか？
今でこそ、普通に地球と呼ばれている地球ですが 地球はいつから、今の形となり地球と呼ばれているのでしょう？ かなり昔の考え方に、平板な地球(終点は滝？)のようなイメージが よく見られますが、あの頃地球は何と呼ばれていたのでしょうか？ この地"球"と言う呼び方自体が"球体"になってからの呼び名ですよねぇ？ (1)地球のそれ以前の呼び名 (2)「"(1)の答え"は球体であると最初に言った人物」 (3)「"地球"と言う名前を付けた人物」 わかれば教えて下さい。
- ベストアンサー
- 天文学・宇宙科学
- 翻訳
NARRATOR: Mount Kilimanjaro is often called the roof of Africa. It rises 19,340 feet, or nearly four miles, into the sky and is the highest point on the African continent. Kilimanjaro is in northeastern Tanzania in East Africa. It lies almost exactly between the cities of Cairo, Egypt, to the north and Cape Town South Africa, to the south. It's around 220 miles south of the equator, in a hot, tropical region of the world. The impressive snow-covered peaks of Kilimanjaro have been an inspiration to visitors for a very long time. Over the years, thousands of people have traveled to Tanzania to climb this majestic mountain. Many others have come to view its famous glacier-covered peak. One of these visitors was an American writer named Ernest Hemingway. He wrote a story about the mountain that made it famous. The story, first published in 1936, is called ’The Snows of Kilimanjaro’. In the story, Hemingway describes the mountain’s glaciers as “wide as all the world;” “high,” and “unbelievably white in the sun.” Although the ice cap is fantastic to see, it does in fact have a much more important purpose. The glaciers were formed more than 11,000 years ago. They have become an important source of water for drinking and farming for people who live near Kilimanjaro. Unfortunately, for the last 100 years the snows of Kilimanjaro have been disappearing. Since 1912, Kilimanjaro’s glaciers have gotten more than 80 percent smaller. A NASA satellite has been taking pictures of the mountain’s ice cap for more than 15 years. The pictures that were taken in 1993 are very different from those taken only seven years later, in the year 2000. There are many ideas about why Kilimanjaro’s snow is melting so quickly. For one thing, the mountain is a tropical region, so the glaciers are at risk for the negative effects of climate change. One type of climate change that may be directly affecting Kilimanjaro is called global warming. This worldwide problem is causing a gradual increase in the earth’s temperature. As the world’s temperatures rise, the snows melt. Deforestation is another possible reason why Kilimanjaro’s glaciers are melting. When trees are cut down in large numbers, the effects can cause changes in the atmosphere and the climate. Trees keep the air cooler and help maintain the water levels in the atmosphere. This helps to create clouds and rain and snow. Less rain and snow and increased temperatures can cause the glaciers to melt. Whatever the causes may be, the snows of Kilimanjaro are continuing to melt at a very fast rate. Experts now predict that the mountain’s glaciers could completely disappear by the year 2020. The loss of Kilimanjaro’s glaciers would likely cause many problems for the area around the mountain. It could also reduce the number of tourists who come to Tanzania to see the mountain, and the money that they bring to the country. The missing snows of Mount Kilimanjaro may be a warning. They definitely show people all over the world the dangers of climate change and deforestation. Hopefully people will learn from the loss of Kilimanjaro’s glaciers. Sadly, the majestic snows of Kilimanjaro may not be around forever for people to enjoy. この本文の翻訳をお願いします 自分でもやってみたのですがあっているのか確認したいので よろしくおねがいします
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英字新聞の翻訳の添削をお願いします
英字新聞を訳しました（QNo.7001374の続き）が，特に最後の２文は自信がありません どなたか添削（解説）していただけないでしょうか． Some scholars argue the main settlement of the archipelago occurred 12,000 to 30,000 years ago, and that modern Japanese -- both the language and the people -- descend directly from this stone-age culture, which had some agriculture but was based mainly on hunting and gathering. According the this theory, the migration of other peoples from mainland Asia around 200 B.C. brought metal tools, rice and new farming techniques but had scant impact on linguistic development. Other researchers counter that this influx from the Korean Peninsula had a far deeper influence, largely replacing or displacing both the indigenous inhabitants and their spoken tongues. Recent archaeological and DNA evidence support this theory, but researchers at The University of Tokyo wondered if additional clues might be found by tracing dozens of distinct dialects back through time to their earliest common ancestor. (以下方言との関係など略) To carry out the study, Sean Lee and Toshikazu Hasegama used a technique developed by evolutionary biologists to examine DNA fragments from fossils in order to create family trees, often reaching back millions of years. 最も重要な（日本）列島の移民は１２０００～３００００年前に起こり、（また）現代の日本（言語および人ともに）は直接的に、この農耕もするが、主に狩猟と採取の石器時代の文化に由来すると主張する学者もいる。この論理によれば、およそ紀元前２００年にアジア本土からの他の人々の移動は、鉄器、米、農業技術をもたらしたが、ほとんど農業の発展に影響を与えなかった。他の研究者は，朝鮮半島からの到来者は，主として，固有の住民と住民の話ことばの両方に“後継者となること”あるいは“追放すること”により，強く影響したと反論した． (以下方言との関係など略) 最近の考古学およびDNAの証拠はこの理論を支持する．しかし，東大の研究者は，明確な方言の何十もの記録が古代の共通の祖先まで（祖先の）時代を遡ることにあり，発見されたものであれば，この研究を遂行するため，すなわち，Sean Leeおよび Toshikazu Hasegamaは系図をつくるために，革新的な生化学者により開発された化石由来のDNA断片を検査する技術を使った．
- 締切済み
- 英語