How to Alter Our Conception of the World: A View from Nowhere
- Explore how limited beings can change their perception of the world
- Understand the concept of a view from nowhere
- Learn why the world appears differently to different beings and how to arrive at a comprehensive understanding
- ベストアンサー
英文を御訳し願います。
The question is how limited beings like ourselves can alter their conception of the world so that it is no longer just the view from where they are but in a sense a view from nowhere, which includes and comprehends the fact that the world contains beings which possess it, explains why the world appears to them as it does prior to the formation of that conception, and explains how they can arrive at the conception itself. 上記英文を御訳し願います。
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質問者が選んだベストアンサー
#11さんのご回答に関して、個人的な意見です。 私の読んだ印象としては、この質問でもThe question is how limited beings like ourselves can alter their conception of the world so that it is no longer just the view from where they are but in a sense a view from nowhere, と書かれていますように、おそらくこ質問者さんがお読みなっている書籍の目的は、どうやったら「a view from nowhere」つまり、「どこにも偏らない視点」（＝西洋的な神の視点）に至れるか？ということでしょう。 https://okwave.jp/qa/q9962301.html での英文を読む限りでも、quantifiersつまり統計的／数学的な判断基準は一見「中立的」（つまり「どこにも偏らない視点」（＝西洋的な神の視点））には見えるけれど、そうではない、なぜならば、、、。という話です。 ＃１０でも軽く触れましたが、limitedというのは視点の用語でして、「自分から見た視点」omniscient,ですと「神の視点」でして、a view from nowhereというのは、omniscientの別の言葉での言い換えですね。 落ち着いてお読みになりますと全然難しい内容ではありませんよ。 分かりにくい所がありましたら、コメントください。
その他の回答 (12)
次に、この一節の文法的な構造（というか論理構造）を示します。 (AAA) The question is how limited beings like ourselves can alter their conception of the world so that it is no longer just the view from where they are but in a sense a view from nowhere, 骨格は、The question is how S1 V1 so that S2 V2. ですね。「問題は、S2 V2 という結果になるように、S1 は どうすれば V2 することができるかである」ということです。僕の和訳では、後ろから訳し上げるのではなく、なるべく前から和訳するように心がけているので、順番が違っているように見えるかもしれません。 (BBB) it is no longer just the view from where they are but in a sense a view from nowhere 冒頭の it は "their conception of the world" ですね。だから、it (their conception of the world)" is no longer ABC but in a sense XYZ. というのが骨子ですね。「人間たちの世界観が、もはや ABC ではなくてある意味では XYZ である」という意味ですね。 (CCC) which includes and comprehends the fact that the world contains beings which possess it, explains why the world appears to them as it does prior to the formation of that conception, and explains how they can arrive at the conception itself. 冒頭の which は、(BBB) の最後の "a view from nowhere" を受けていますね。"which (= the view from nowhere) includes and comprehends the fact that S V." となっています。そしてその the fact that S V の内容が最後まで続いています。 その the fact that のあとは、3つの項目から成り立っています。 the fact that the world (1) contains beings which possess it (= the world), (2) explains why the world appears to them as it (= the world) does prior to the formation of that conception (= humans' conception of the world), and (3) explains how they (= the beings つまり人間) can arrive at the conception itself. (1), (2), (3) はすべて -s (三人称単数現在の -s) がついているので、その主語がその前の the world であることは明らかですね。うっかり "the beings" (つまり人間) が主語かと思ってしまうこともありそうですが、the beings は複数なので、そのあとに (1), (2), (3) のような -s の付いた動詞がつくわけがありませんね。
お礼
お訳しは頂戴できませんでしたが， 構文はしっかり取ることが出来ました。 感謝申し上げます。
(1) The question is how limited beings like ourselves can alter their conception of the world ここでの問題は、人間のような限りある存在が自分たちの世界観をどうすれば変えて、 (2) so that it is no longer just the view from where they are but in a sense a view from nowhere, そのことによってその世界観が自分たちのいる場所からの視点に過ぎないものではなくて、ある意味では出どころのない見方（展望）になるように仕向けるにはどうすればいいか、ということだ。 (3) which includes and comprehends the fact that the world contains beings which possess it, explains why the world appears to them as it does prior to the formation of that conception, and explains how they can arrive at the conception itself. この出どころのない見方（展望）には、次のような 3 つの項目も含まれる。すなわち、 (1) 世界を所有する存在たちを世界が包み込んでいるということ、 (2) その世界観を人間が作り上げる前に、世界がその存在たちに対してなぜそのように見えるのかということを世界が説明しているということ、そして (3) どうすればその世界観そのものに到達できるのかを世界が説明してくれているのだということ --- 以上3つのことが含まれているのだ。
お礼
有難うございました。
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関連するQ&A
- 英文の邦訳の添削を願います。
The question is how limited beings like ourselves can alter their conception of the world so that it is no longer just the view from where they are but in a sense a view from nowhere, which includes and comprehends the fact that the world contains beings which possess it, explains why the world appears to them as it does prior to the formation of that conception, and explains how they can arrive at the conception itself. This idea of objective knowledge has something in common with the program of Descartes, for he attempted to form a conception of the world in which he was contained, which would account for the validity of that conception and for his capacity to arrive at it. But his method was supposed to depend only on propositions and steps that were absolutely certain, and the method of self-transcendence as I have described it does not necessarily have this feature. In fact, such a conception of the world need not be developed by proofs at all, though it must rely heavily on a priori conjecture. 上記英文の下記の拙訳の添削をお願いします。 「問題は，われわれのような制約された存在が，自身の世界を，最早まさに自分のいる所から眺めた世界ではなく，ある意味で，何処にも偏らない〔西洋の神の〕視点から見た〔かのような〕世界に関する概念に如何に変えることができるかである。その問題では，世界がそれを所有する制約された存在を含むという事実が内包され，了解される。それは，世界が，構想の形成に先立って何処にも偏らない〔西洋の神の〕視点から見たかのように見える理由を，さらに，われわれがその構想そのものに如何に到達することができるのかを説明する。この客観的な知識の考え方はDescartesの基本方針と共通点がある。それは，Descartes自身が含まれる世界に関する構想を企図しようとし，それが，その構想の妥当性とそれに到達する彼の知的能力とを推し量るからである。だが，彼の方法は絶対に確実な主張と道筋にのみ依存するはずであり，私が表したような自己超越的方法は必ずしもこのような特徴を持っていない。実際このような世界観は先験的な推測に大きく依存するけれども，証明によって展開される必要はまったくない。」
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文の和訳をおねがいします。
It is salutary to realize the fundamental isolation of the individual mind. We have no certain knowledge of any consciousness but our own. We can only know the world through our own personality. Because the behaviour of others is similar to our own, we suppose that they are like us; it is a shock to discover that they are not. As i grow older I am more and more amazed to discover how great are the differences between one man and another. I am not far from believing that everyone is unique.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英語の訳おねがいします！福大過去問です
The view of the world below from the top of a mountain on a sunny day is very clear. We can easily identify the surrounding mountains, the valleys and rivers,the towns, farms and forests. The historian who writes of the distant past can view that world from which historians of the modern era can ｌook over the recent past. Indeed, they often feel like a man lost in the forest: he can see the trees, but not the forest as a whole. すみません＞＜おねがいしますｍ（＿＿）ｍ
- 締切済み
- 英語
- 英文の和訳をお願いします。
Americans are having a passionate love affair with something they cannot see, hear, feel, touch or taste. That something is calories, billions upon billions of which are consumed every day, often unwittingly, at and between meals. Certainly calories are talked about constantly, and information about them appears with increasing frequency on food labels, menus, recipes and Web sites. But few people understand what they are and how they work - especially how they have worked to create a population in which 64 percent of adults and a third of children are overweight or obese, or how they thwart the efforts of so many people to shed those unwanted pounds and keep them off once and for all. Enter two experts: Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University; and Malden Nesheim, professor emeritus of nutritional sciences at Cornell University. Together they have written a new book, "Why Calories Count: From Science to Politics," to be published April 1, which explains what calories are, where they come from, how different sources affect the body, and why it is so easy to consume more of them than most people need to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
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- 英語
- 英訳 福大過去問 おねがいします
最初のまちがってたのでもう一度とうこうします＞＜ 1The view of the world below from the top of a mountain on a sunny day is very clear. 2We can easily identify the surrounding mountains, the valleys and rivers,the towns, farms and forests. 3The historian who writes of the distant past can view that world from which historians of the present. 4But there are no mountain peaks from which historians of the modern era can ｌook over the recent past. 5Indeed, they often feel like a man lost in the forest: he can see the trees, but not the forest as a whole.
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- 英語
- 英文解釈について(><)
下記英文の解釈について教えてください。よろしくお願いします。 1. More than one trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity was being produced o light homes and run factories, provided 84.3%. →was being producedのように、being過去分詞が使われるのはいつでしょうか？ 2.Regardless of whether the world is getting warmer or cooler, it is certain that even small changes in climate can upset weather patterns, which have a direct effect on water supplies and other aspects of the environment. → cooler, it isのように , itと続くのはいつでしょうか？ 3.These pollutants pass through the food chain to humans, where they tend to build up in nerve tissue. →, whereと続くのは、いつでしょうか? 4. He developed a new approach based on the idea that an animal's behavior is determined by its struggle for survival and is therefore the product of evolution, just as an animal's physical features are. →, just as an animal's physical features areのように、, just as SVと続くのはなぜでしょうか？ 5. It is knowledge that whales and dolphins can hear and make sounds, but the extent to which sea mammals use sound to communicate and navigate was not known until World War II. →, but the extent to whichとwhichが続いているのはなぜでしょうか？
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- 英語
- 意味の分かりにくい英文です
"The world knows nothing of its greatest men." That may be true, but how can we tell? If we know nothing about them, we cannot tell whether they were great. But there is a good chance that, by the time the world knows about them, they will have ceased to be great. A man usually does his best work just before he is found out. If he has done anything very well, there is a conspiracy to prevent him from doing it again. He becomes a celebrity, and the lion-hunters give him no peace. It must be owned that sometimes he likes it. 上記で、But there is a good chance that, by the time the world knows about them, they will have ceased to be great. If he has done anything very well, there is a conspiracy to prevent him from doing it again. It must be owned that sometimes he likes it. などが特によく理解出来ません。 よろしくお願いいたします。
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- 英語
- 英文の拙訳の添削
This brings us back to Nagel's "view from nowhere." Such complete detachment is obviously unreachable. But while quantifiers can scarcely assert that their conclusions come from nowhere, they can claim that they come from "somewhere else." Quantitative conclusions carry authority in part becausethey seem to be dictated by explicit procedures for gathering and processing numbers, and to be independent of the passions and interests that inform political debate. The key ingredient here is the faith that science works according to a method, which raises it above the foibles of mere individuals. 上記英文の下記の拙訳を添削願います。 「これにより、Nagelの云う「何処からともなく見える眺め」("view from nowhere")を想い起こさせる。 そのような完全な分離は明らかに到達不可能である。しかし定量化を行う者は，結論が何処からともなく来たのかを主張できることは稀であるが，「どこか別の場所」から来たと主張することはできる。定量的な結論は、数を収集して処理するための明示的な手順によって決定され，政治的論争を特徴付ける情熱や関心から独立しているように見えるがゆえに部分的に権威を持つ。ここで重要な要素は、科学が単なる個人の可能性を超えてそれを引き上げる方法に従って機能するという確信である。」 以上宜しくお願いします。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳にどうしても困ってます＞＜宜しくお願いします＞
和訳にどうしても困ってます＞＜宜しくお願いします＞＜ Besides, if one wished to decide by comparing bodies which is the more excellent of the two sexes, women could claim victory without even taking account of the internal structure of their bodies and of the fact thet the most interesting thing in the world takes place within them: namely, the conception of human beings, the most noble and admirable of all creatures. Who could stop them from saying that their external appearance makes them the winners, that grace and beauty are natural and characteristic of them, and that all this gives rise to effects which are as visible as they are common; and that if what they can accomplish as a result of what is in their heads makes them at least equal to men, their external appearance hardly ever fails to make them the victors?
- 締切済み
- 英語
- Parmenidesについての英文
Parmenides of Elea c. 510–? 440BC ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible’ Little is known of Parmenides’ life and background, and fragments of a poem entitled On Nature are all that survive of his work. Nevertheless, it contains one of the first examples of reasoned argument in which, perhaps as a reaction to Heraclitus, Parmenides attempts to prove that change is impossible and that reality is singular, undivided and homogenous. In the first part of his poem, ‘The Way of Truth’, which was revealed to him, he claims, in meeting with a goddess, Parmenides distinguishes between an inquiry into what is and an inquiry into what is not. The latter, he says, is impossible. ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible –nor utter it; for it is the same thing that can be thought, that is’. The essence of this somewhat cryptic argument is that in order to think of something which is not –let us say, ‘a unicorn’ for example –one must be thinking of something: there must be some idea present to the mind, presumably the idea of a unicorn. But to think of a unicorn means that the unicorn (or the idea of a unicorn) exists in the mind, and therefore it cannot be truly said that unicorns completely fail to exist. The argument turns principally on two complex issues. 冒頭の ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible’ について 「人はそれが存在していないことを知ることができない。それは不可能である。」という意味ですか？thatは代名詞、whichは関係代名詞ですか？ ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible –nor utter it; for it is the same thing that can be thought, that is’. について for it is the same thing that can be thought, that is’.のthat isはthat is impossibleですか？ 最後のit cannot be truly said that unicorns completely fail to exist. について fail toは、～し損なう、という意味だと思うのですが、 fail to existで、「存在し損なう」と訳すと意味が取りにくいです。ここのfail to～はどういう意味合いになるのでしょうか？ 以下次の英文が続きます。 First, exactly what is meant by ‘exists’ here? What is the difference between existing in the world and existing in the mind? This begins a controversy that will reappear throughout much of the history of philosophy in many different contexts, but most notoriously in Anselm’s ontological argument, some 1500 years later. Second, what are the connections between thoughts, words, and things? If that debate started with Parmenides, it has taxed almost every major thinker ever since, up to and including the seminal works of the twentieth century by philosophers such as Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and W.V. Quine. よろしくお願いたします。
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- 英語
お礼
貴重なご見識をご披露頂き，どうも有難うございました。 さて，そうすると，「a view from nowhere」の意味は「何処からともなく見える眺め(光景)」ではなく，「どこにも偏らない視点」（＝西洋的な神の視点）ということになりますか？2つの把握は全く異なりますね？
補足
ご提示の読み替え＝お訳し＝解釈を拙訳やNakayさんの他のお訳しの部分とつないでみると，すんなり内容が，御指摘の通り理解出来ました。 本当に助かりました。 感謝申し上げます。